European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: COVID-19 pandemic hit the world in 2019 and its successive waves have created high alerts periodically across many nations including India. At the time of successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the key concerns among developing nations was to manage the patient burden in hospitals with limited available infrastructure.
Objective: In the present study we have analysed the role of common laboratory markers as a predictor of hospital stay in COVID-19-positive patients so that hospital resources can be managed efficiently.
Methods: We studied the data of 200 COVID-19-positive patients for TLC, LDH, D-dimer, and serum ferritin and analysed their correlation with hospital stay
Results: TLC and LDH exhibit a positive correlation with hospital stay whereas D-dimer and serum ferritin showed a negative correlation with hospital stay among COVID-19 patients. Patients with a negative CRP showed a longer duration of hospital stay with a median stay of 9 days.
Conclusion: Being a developing nation, healthcare centres in India have limited resources. In such a scenario, common laboratory markers can prove to be a promising tool in managing hospital resources by estimating the hospital stay of patients.

Osteoarthritis of the knee is one of the most common causes of painful disability in elderly people. Surgical treatment has been and is still a major challenge for the knee surgeon. The results after surgical treatment, especially knee replacement are of great importance, not only for the individual person, but for the whole society as well. Total Knee Arthroplasty being gold standard treatment for knee Osteoarthritis. Total Knee Arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopaedic surgeries, with over 7000 procedures performed in 2014 in US and projected increase in coming decades (3). The use of Total Knee Arthroplasty implants and following check x-rays give a good assessment of reduction and ideal positioning of implant hence preventing the complications that could occur. This study puts in a sincere effort to study the long term results after Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Acute cholecystitis is a common emergency surgical condition that is characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder secondary to an obstruction in the gallbladder neck, often resulting from cholelithiasis. The present study was conducted to compare interval and early cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.
Materials & Methods:90 patients of acute cholecystitis were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients were treated with early cholecystectomy and group II patients with interval cholecystectomy.Parameter such as hospital stay, complications etc. were recorded.
Results: Group I had 22 males and 23 females and group II had 24 males and 21 females. Type of operation performed was lap cholecystectomy in 37 and 34 in group I and II respectively. Lap to open conversion was observed in 3 in group I and 6 in group II. The hospital stay was 1-5 days in 28 in group I and 18 in group II, 5-10 days in 7 in group I and 12 in group II and >10 days 5 in group I and 10 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). complications observed were biliary leaks in 3 in group I and 6 in group II, wound infection in 4 in group I and 5 in group II and stricture 1 in group I and 2 in group II. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Early cholecystectomy hadless total hospital stay and complications than interval cholecystectomy in patients with acute cholecystitis.

Background: The immune system defends the host against many harmful microorganisms. The immune system has developed to contain various specialized cell types, signaling molecules, and functional responses to deal with this wide range of threats. In Covid-19 infections immune system is the key component for prevention of the disease. Hospital admission and duration of stay due to covid 19 infection have a considerable physical, financial, and psychological burden for the individual, family, and country. Diet has been shown to have a vital role in boosting one's immunity. Non vegetarian diet is traditionally considered to be immunity boosting as it is rich in protein, vitamins, and micronutrients.      
Aims and objective: To study the effect of dietary pattern on duration of hospital stay in patients with respiratory Covid illness
Material and Methods: This was a double blind retrospective cohort study comprising of 113 patients tested positive in RTPCR for SARS-CoV-2 and admitted at DCH located at super specialty hospital of Jayarogya Group of Hospitals, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, was studied retrospectively between July 2020 to October 2020. Patients were divided based on diet pattern into Group A (patients following a vegetarian diet; n=70) and Group B (patients following a non-vegetarian diet; n=43). The outcome was measured as the duration of hospital stay and comparison of diet type, age, and gender of patients. All these patients were discharge stable and case files of deaths were excluded. Non vegetarian diet was defined as inclusion of eggs, meet, fish in the routine diet whereas a vegetarian diet was exclusion of these items.   
Result: Out of 113 patients, most (61.94%) had a vegetarian diet, whereas 43 (38.06%) had a non-vegetarian diet. Duration of hospital stay was more in patients in Group A (10.71±5.5 days) than Group B (8.4± 4.7 days), p=0.0302. Hospital stay was longer (11.05 days) in older patients (>50 years) compared to younger patients (≤50 years) (9.2 days) (table 3).  In Group A, hospital stay was longer in those with age >50 years (11.4 days) compared to those with age ≤50 (9.2 days). On the contrary, older patients had shorter hospital lengths (9.9 days) than younger patients (10.09 days) in Group B (p value =     ).
Conclusion: A significantly shorter hospital stay was observed in patients of respiratory covid infection following a  non-vegetarian diet with Covid-19 infection.

Background: Bipolar vessel sealing systems (BVSS) are accepted to be safe and efficacious
with possible advantages over conventional methods, namely fewer requirement of postoperative
analgesics, less blood loss, shorter operative time and minimum hospital stay.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety between use of BiClamp (Bipolar
Coagulation Forceps) in Vaginal Hysterectomy and Conventional Vaginal Hysterectomy.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was done among 80 cases indicating
hysterectomy for benign diseases admitted in OBGY unit were selected randomly out of
which 40 cases underwent Conventional Vaginal Hysterectomy and 40 cases underwent
BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy at department of obstetrics & Gynecology in Government
medical college and hospital, Latur during November 2012 to September 2014.
Results: Mean duration of hospital stay required for participants of cases and control group
was 2.6 days and 4.2 days respectively (p<0.05). Mean duration of operation of cases and
control group participants was 70.9 min and 75.5 min respectively (p<0.05). Mean blood loss
during operation noted among the cases and control group participants was 90.1 ml and 115.9
ml respectively (p<0.05). During operation, three suture material required in in 0.0%
participants of cases group and 82.5% of control group respectively (p<0.05). Post- op
complications like fever, bladder injury, bowel injury & hemorrhage noted only in
participants of control group.
Conclusion: BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy post-operative pain was less, intraoperative
blood loss was less, operative time was significantly shorter, duration of hospital stay was
less and BiClamp Vaginal Hysterectomy was more Cost effective than the Conventional
Vaginal Hysterectomy

Haemorrhoids are one of the most frequently encountered anorectal conditions in the clinical practice of a surgeon. Haemorrhoidectomy is the most effective approach for haemorrhoidal disease especially for grade III and grade IV disease and also in grade II disease which do not respond to conservative and non-invasive treatment. However, postoperative pain is a major concern, and the surgery itself is with complications including notably bleeding, wound sepsis, pain, and anal stenosis. The patients were explained about their disease and modalities of treatment as Open or closed haemorrhoidectomy with advantages and disadvantages of each. 25 patients were operated by open haemorrhoidectomy and another 25 patients by closed haemorrhoidectomy under spinal anaesthesia. Data was collected according to proforma which included detailed history, clinical examination and investigation. Data was tabulated, analyzed and results interpreted. The mean immediate post-operative pain score in open group was 2.88 ± 0.53 VAS and in closed group was 2.44 ± 1.9 VAS; these differences were significant with p value of 0.027. The mean duration hospital stay in open group was 4.64± 0.9 days and in closed group was 4.28 ± 0.9 days (p value= 0.18) the differences were not significant. People who underwent open procedure took 17.5 days and closed group patient took 16. 4 days to resume their normal activity, these differences were not significant (p Value = 0.42).

Background:This study compared the efficacy of topical Hydrogel wound dressings with that of a control group using conventional wound dressings in the healing of chronic ulcers. The primary outcomes measured were the number of ulcers not healed in either group, the amount of non-viable tissue, the rate of granulation tissue formation as percentage of ulcer surface area, and the length of time spent in hospital.
Materials and Methods: A prospective, parallel group, comparative trial design was used in this study. Patients with chronic wounds were admitted to the general surgery department of the Government Medical College in Suryapet. After determining whether or not the participants were willing to receive topical hydrogel dressing, the entire sample population was separated into two equal and comparable groups of 120 patients. Those who refused to participate were exposed to traditional wound dressings, and this group served as the control group. They were then divided into two equal groups of 60 patients each, one for those with diabetes and one for those who did not, based on whether they had diabetes.
Results: As a result, the entire study population was separated into four categories. The purposive sample strategy was used to choose the patients for the study. Patients were followed up on, and the state of their ulcers was determined using a visual score.When compared to the control group, the test group shows significant reduction in slough as early as the third week. The frequency of patients with 75-100 percent wound filled with granulation tissue was higher in the test group as early as the third week compared to the control group, which took more than four weeks to achieve the same result. The number of patients who underwent secondary suturing, skin grafts, and flaps is much higher in the test group than in the control group, and this difference can be seen as early as the third week.
Conclusion: Hydrogel is an excellent topical applicant for the reduction of slough, the promotion of granulation tissue development, and the reepitheilization of wounds, as well as the decrease of hospitalisation time for patients with wounds. When compared to standard treatment with local antiseptics, this results in speedier wound bed preparation for healing, suturing, skin transplant and flap placement and healing.