European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Thyroid hormone is important for the normal function of the auditory system. Thus, the present study was undertaken with the objective to evaluate the audiological profile of Hypothyroid Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital in Himachal Pradesh.
Material & Methods: Between September 2020 and June 2021, a cross-sectional study was done on hypothyroid patients came in OPD at Otorhinolaryngology Department of the Pt. Jawahar Lal Nehru Government Medical College and Hospital, District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh. After confirmation of hypothyroid status based on FT3, FT4 &TSH level, their socio-demographic characteristics were assessed and audiological assessment was done by pure tone audiometry. Patients were categorized on the basis of maximum hearing threshold intensity level. Data was analysed using Epi info V7 Software.

Hearing is a critical part of speech and enhances our day to day activities. It is an integral part of our personal, social and economic status and hence improves the quality of life.  The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of sensori-neural hearing loss in Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus and the association between glycosylated haemoglobin and Sensori-neural hearing loss in these patients.
Methodology: This study was conducted as Cross-sectional observational study, based on 100 patients who presented to the ENT and Endocrine Out Patient Department of Peoples Medical College and Research Centre between 1^st December 2020 to 31^st March 2022.This study suggests that there is necessity of introducing routinely periodic assessment of auditory functions in patients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus for early detection and prevent further complications.
Results: This study was conducted on a total of 100 diabetic patients, showed , the association between age group and degree of hearing loss was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.03 by Pearson Chi-square test and Association between degree of SNHL and levels of HbA1C was statistically significant by Pearson Chi-square test. In our study, it was seen that as HbA1c level rises, degree of SNHL also rise .
Conclusion: Thus we would like to conclude that routine evaluation of the auditory system can help in the early diagnosis of sensorineural hearing loss in type 2 diabetes mellitus, good glycaemic control is key to prevent or delay occurrence of SNHL.We also suggest regular audiological evaluation of all diabetic patients to improve the quality of life .

Attempts have been made to analyse the relation between hearing loss according to type of device and duration of device within a students of PCMS and RC. This study was undertaken at tertiary care centre for better understanding of students listening habits and compare it with normal individuals who do not use personal listening devices.
Methodology: This study was conducted as an  cross sectional comparative study on students studying in  People’s College of Medical Science and Research Center, Bhopal, during the study period of 18 months. All the cases (PLD users) and controls (Non PLD users) were subjected to history taking and detailed clinical examination. All the cases and controls were subjected to pure tone audiometry test.
Results: This study was conducted on a total of 1000 students, of them, 500 were PLD users and remaining 500 were non PLD users. We observed no significant difference in age composition,  sex and religion between the groups (p>0.05).Most common PLD used by students was ear plugs with majority of them using it for 2-3 hours per day above warning sign for more than 4 years and most common presenting symptoms was ear pain and headache. We observed a strong positive correlation of type of device, duration of device in years and hours and volume of device according to hearing loss.( P value significant)
Conclusions: According to our study head phones and ear plugs are safer PLD as compare to buds. PLD users may present with wide variety of otologic symptoms ranging from ear pain, headache to tinnitus and reduced hearing alone or in combination. PLD use is associated with accumulation of wax, tortuosity in EAC and otomycosis. Among PLD users, threshold of hearing is increased even if the users are not aware regarding their hearing status. Hearing loss of both the type i.e. sensorineural and conductive hearing loss, though mild is associated with PLD use. Here we concluded that PLDs should be used with caution, limit their duration of use and volume and keeping a watch on warning signs and symptoms

Background: Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) is the effusion in middle ear and is commonly seen in children. It causes conductive hearing loss and increased risk of acute middle ear infections. It is mostly a paediatric problem, and leads to poor scholastic performance. It may be managed medically or surgically and surgical management includes grommet insertion or concurrent adenoidectomy with grommet insertion. Our study evaluates the use of ventilationtubes in management of OME. To study the symptomatology of otitis media with effusion (OME), to assess hearing following tympanostomy tube insertion and to determine the complications of tube insertion procedure.
Materials and Methods: This was prospective study done at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur from July 2021 to March 2022. Fifty patients of otitis media with effusion were studied and underwent Grommet/ventilation tube insertion and they were followed up or 1, 3 and 6 month interval to determine the improvement in hearing ability.
Results: Patient age ranged from 6 years to 50 years and the male to female ratio was 1.17:1. Both the ears were found to be equally involved. A total of 27 (54%) cases had average of 11 to 20 dB hearing loss by PTA. Most common type of impedance was B type seen in 40 (80%) cases. The overall complication rate in our study was 9 cases, ie 18%. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) is important to evaluate hearing outcome and these readings gradually improved post operativelycorresponding to improvement in the hearing capacity of the affected subjects.
Conclusion: Otitis media with effusion (OME) has varied clinical presentation; it is more common in children and adolescents without any gender preponderance. Tympanostomy tube insertion is one of the ideal treatment choices for Otitis Media with effusion with significant improvement in post-operative PTA readings which can lead to a better quality of life.

Introduction :Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM)is a middle ear disease with permanent abnormality of pars tensa or pars flacida resulting in discharge and hearing loss. Hearing loss is mostly conductive in nature.Pure tone audiometry is a subjective measurement of hearing threshold level. It is done preoperatively to know the degree and type of hearing loss and postoperatively to measure the audiological gain.
Objective:to assess hearing status of patients after myringoplasty using pure tone audiometer.
Methods:The study was done on 100 patients suffering from CSOM active mucosal type. Patient parameters including age, size and site of the perforation were evaluated. Hearing levels were assessed as the mean air conduction (AC), and air-bone gap (ABG) at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, and their relation with aforementioned parameters were analyzed.Myringoplasty was performed and then patients were followed up for three months and on each visit hearing status was assessed by Pure Tone Audiometry.
Results:At the end of the study it was found that mostofthe patients were in younger age group 15-25 years(60%).The commonest site was central perforation (88%) with large size perforation  being (51%). The pre and post operativeaudiological difference found to be significant with average audiological gain more than 10dB and overall hearing improvement was 86% at 1 month and 93% at the end of 2 and 3 month.
 Conclusions:There was a significant audiological improvement following myringoplastywith postauricular route using temporalis fascia graft via underlay technique in patients of mucosal type of chronic suppurative otitis media.However no significant difference was found in the audiological gain when compared to different age,site and size of perforation.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable chronic metabolic disorder. The
association between sensorineural hearing loss and diabetes has become an important subject
of research. Correlation of hearing loss with genders is not still clear so we have aimed our
study to explore the same.
Objective: To examine the gender-specific association between diabetes and hearing loss.
Methods: This study was conducted on a total number of 150 (78 male & 72 female) selected
diabetic patients from November 2018 to December 2020. The correlation of hearing loss
between male and female diabetic patients was compared by getting a pure tone audiogram.
Results: Out of a total of 150 patients, only 42 patients (28%) were suffered from hearing
loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was present 25.6% in males and 30.5% in females which was
not significantly different (p >0.05).
Conclusion: We concluded that hearing loss has no significant association with genders in
diabetic patients, but early diagnosis and screening of diabetic paints for hearing loss help in a
better quality of life.