European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The Indian subcontinent's population is accustomed to smoking tobacco (cigarette, bidi, and hookah) or using smokeless tobacco (tobacco in pan, in gutkha, or khaini). Both chewing tobacco and smoking tobacco have negative impacts on human health because of harmful chemicals in them including tar, nicotine, and other substances that may change the myelination of peripheral neurons.
Materials and Methods: Participants were divided into three groups, 40 were male tobacco chewers and smokers (aged 20 to 60), 30 were tobacco smokers only, and 30 were tobacco chewers exclusively. The Physiolab-PL 2005was used to do the NCV. Subjects had their median and ulnar nerves' motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) measured.
Results: We found statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in MNCV &SNCV of median and ulnar nerve between tobacco smokers& chewers and only tobacco chewers. While comparing with individuals of tobacco smoking and chewing habit and only tobacco smoking habit have statistically significant changes only in MNCV of median nerve.
Conclusion: From this study we conclude that individuals who were having a habit of smoking as well as chewing are on highest risk for reduction in conduction velocity in both motor as well as in sensory nerve. According to this study, both sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities showed statistically significant changes. Demyelinating neuropathies, such as those caused by smoking and chewing, typically result in reduce conduction velocity

Background:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by
obstruction in airflow; however, COPD is a systemic illness. Neurophysiological
alterations, such as nerve conduction (monosynaptic reflex test) and strength, have been
correlated with smoking, the severity of the disease, hypoxemia, age, hypercapnia and
peak expiratory flow. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the peripheral nervous system
(PNS) with electromyography (EMG) method in patients with COPD and to examine
their relationship with each other.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Physiology in
collaboration with the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in New Delhi Medical
College and Hospital in Delhi. Our study was conducted among two groups: patient
group (included COPD cases) and control group (included healthy volunteers).
Spirometry was done using MEDGRAPHICS body plethysmograph. Nerve conduction
studies were performed on median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial and sural nerves using
NEURO– MEP–NET EMG/NCV/EP (NEUROSOFT TM) Equipment. The data for
each nerve parameter in the two groups were analyzed Students’ T test.
Results: 39 patients with stable COPD in addition to 39 healthy volunteers as a control
were included in this study. The mean age for patient group was 62.78±7.11 years and
for control group it was 60.13±9.83 years. Males in the patient group were 89.7% and in
control group they were 87.2%. The pulmonary function tests revealed a significant
decrease of FEV1, and FEV1/FVC in the COPD group when compared to the control
group. The patient of COPD was grouped in accordance with these GOLD criteria and
28.2% of patients were having Mild COPD, while 35.9% of patients each were having
moderate and severe COPD. Results of the nerve conduction study showed that there
was a statistically significant decrease in amplitude (mv) and velocity (m/s) and increase
in latency (ms) of peripheral nerve motor and sensory in the COPD group when
compared to the control group.
Conclusion: This study shows that advancement in severity of disease predisposes to
neuropathy. Hence, sensory nerve conduction study can be advised routinely and at
regular intervals to the patients suffering from increasing severity of COPD for early
detection of neuropathy.

Background/Aims:Some studies had suggested that neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels grow with
the increase of nerve conduction velocity (NCV). Recently, several studies found that vitamin (D)
deficiency can cause the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complication including neuropathy.The
aim of our study is to evaluate the association betweenNLR, vitamin (D) deficiency and development of
peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients.
Methods: In cross sectional study we selected a total of 60 T2DM patients.All patients underwent nerve
conduction study (NCS). Then we divided them according to the results into two groups, 45 patients with
DPN and 15 patients without DPN as a control group.DPN group wassubdivided according to NCS
results into three groups,11 patients with mononeuropathy,4 patients with mononeuropathy multiplex
and30 patients with polyneuropathy. We evaluated the effect of DPN in these patients as regarded NCS
results on HbA1c levels, NLR and vitamin (D) levels.