European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Adhesive dentistry has undergone great progress in the last decades. There have been changes in chemistry, mechanism, number of bottles, application technique, and clinical effectiveness.  The first, second and third generations are classified under historical title while; etch&rinse, self-etch and multi-mode adhesives are classified under the title of current clinical practice procedures strategies. The preferred properties of adhesive systems are biocompatibility with dental tissues, improved bond strength to dental tissues, and better resistance to chewing stresses. In recent years, the success rate of restorative treatment of teeth that have suffered from caries or loss of supporting tissue has increased considerably due to the developments in dentin donding systems.

In a silica particles medium, the damage to human dental enamel is examined in cyclic axial encounters. This damage has been shown to be hierarchical, impacting multiple aspects of the composition of the enamel. It contains micron-sized defects on the touch surface, which greatly improve surface roughness when abrasive particles are microinvented. Below the surface is detected the demineralisation of the enamel due to inelastic nano-scale processes. Contacts in particulate media are axial only leading to negligible macroscopic wear but can decrease the severity of the fractures1. The potential consequences of these findings are discussed in the fields of dentistry and biology.