Online ISSN: 2515-8260

Urolithiasis Updated Management Guidelines in Lower Ureters

Main Article Content

Mohamad Omar Al Farouk Zaitoun 1 , Lotfy Abd El-Latif Bendary 2 , Diab El-Sayed Mohamed Ibrahim 3 , Mohamed Ahmed Kamel Omran 4

Abstract

Background: Urinary calculi are one of the most common diseases of the urinary tract. The prevalence rate has gradually increasedto 20% in recent decade. Medical expulsive therapy (MET) has been discussed as a conservative treatment option in the management of distal ureteral stones. Medical management therapy including alpha-blockers, calcium channel blockers and phosphodiestrase5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been described. Stone passage through the ureter is dependent on stone diameter and ureteral condition. In addition to ureteral spasm, edema is an important factor in arresting ureteral stone passage. Alpha-blockers can inhibit ureteral muscle contraction, reduce basal muscle tone and reduce peristaltic rate. The alpha-1 adrenergic blockers are most common used agents for MET. Silodosin may increase the rate of stone expulsion rate and decrease the expulsion time.

Article Details