A comparative study of the regulatory effect of the preparation of ecdisten (created based on the phytoecdysteroid ecdysterone) and nerobol (a synthetic anabolic preparation) on protein biosynthesis was carried out in mammals (mice) in in vivo and in vitro experiments. We have defined that the activation of protein-synthesizing processes by ecdisten in the organism of higher animals is not associated with its effect on the synthesis of mRNA, but is only a reflection of the acceleration of translational processes. The corresponding action of Nerobol is directed primarily at transcription processes with subsequent generalized stimulation of the synthesis of protein macromolecules at the cytoplasmic level due to an increase in the number and activity of polyribosomes.