Abstract: The current study includes the detection of the role of microRNA in the development of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes, by measuring the levels of gene expression of two genes (MiR-21 and MiR-16) where 100 hundred blood samples and morning urine were collected for patients. People with kidney failure by (35) samples, and patients with type 2 diabetes by (35) samples and compared them with the control group of healthy subjects (30) samples. Their ages ranged between (35-65) years. Gene expression levels were measured by extracting microRNAs from the urine, using the Real time qPCR technique, performing statistical analyzes including extracting the value of the Fold expression by 2 (-∆∆Ct) and testing the F value of the samples with some measurements. Vital variables in blood and urine, where the results showed an estimate of the amount of MiR-21 convergence in the level of gene expression between the two groups of patients with diabetes and the group of kidney failure means there were no significant differences between them at the probability level (P <0.05), while a significant moral difference was observed in The level of gene expression of the MiR-21 gene between patients and healthy controls at a probability level (P <0.05). As for the levels of MiR-16 expression, it showed a convergence between the two groups of diabetics and the group failure of kidneys for the value of Fold expression with no significant differences at the probability level (P <0.05) for the F test. On the contrary, the level of the gene expression of the miR-16 for healthy people exceeded the expression of patients Broad range and significant difference for F value (0.30) for probability level (P <0.05). This study clarified the role that MiR-21 and MiR-16 play in the possibility of developing kidney failure through the disorder in the amount of genetic expression about them, which indicates the possibility of benefiting from them as two vital indicators in the urine that can be inferred from the development of the disease in people with diabetes .