Objective: This retrospective analysis aimed to assess the impact of muscle relaxant choice on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: Data from 800 patients who underwent abdominal surgery were analyzed. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the type of muscle relaxant used: depolarizing muscle relaxants (DMRs) or non-depolarizing muscle relaxants (NDMRs). The primary outcomes included postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and mortality. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared tests and t-tests where appropriate. Results: Patients receiving DMRs (47.5%) experienced a significantly higher incidence of postoperative complications (33.2%) compared to those receiving NDMRs (21.4%, p<0.05). Furthermore, the DMR group had a longer hospital stay (8.6 ± 3.2 days) compared to the NDMR group (6.2 ± 2.8 days, p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in mortality rates within 30 days post-surgery between the two groups (3.2% DMR vs. 2.8% NDMR, p=0.50). Conclusion: The choice of muscle relaxant significantly impacts postoperative outcomes in abdominal surgery. Patients receiving DMRs had a higher risk of postoperative complications and an extended hospital stay, although overall mortality rates were similar. These findings suggest a potential preference for NDMRs to improve postoperative outcomes, emphasizing the importance of careful consideration when selecting muscle relaxants for abdominal surgery. Further prospective research is needed to confirm these results and establish causality definitively.