Abstract: Leprosy is an infectious disease that requires health behaviour modification to combat the disease and at the same time to prevent thetransmission. This study aimsto determine the relationship between personal, physical environmental, and socio-economic factors andthe preventive behaviour of leprosy transmission. This study was a correlational descriptive analytic study with a cross sectional approach.As many as 60 out of 77 lepers in Surabaya were chosenthrougha purposive sampling technique. The dependent variable was the preventive behaviour of leprosy transmission, while the independent variables were personal, physical environmental, and socio-economic factors. Data was collected using questionnairesand then was analyzedby using Spearman’s Rho and Chi-Square test with α= 0.05. The study revealed that preventive behaviour of leprosy transmission was significantly related with age (p=0.033), gender or sex (p=0.002), education (p=0.016), occupation (p=0.043), knowledge (p=0,000), physical environment (p=0,012), family support (p=0,000), income (p=0,000) and stigma (p=0,043). Age and stigma performed a negative relationship with the preventive behaviour of leprosy transmission. Otherwise, education, knowledge, and physical environment showed a positive relationship. Further researchis expectedto provide intervention to promotethe preventive behaviour of leprosy transmission.