d:In diabetes, acute phase reactants are taken into consideration to be diagnostic indications of both microvascular angiopathy and cardiovascular mortality. The chemical sialic acid is an example of one of these acute phase reactants. A deficiency in the amount of bioavailable nitric oxide has been hypothesised to be responsible for the endothelial dysfunction that is commonly linked with diabetes. It has been demonstrated that the vasodilatation that is dependent on NO plays a crucial role in the regulation and maintenance of vascular tone in renal microcirculation.Objectives:1.To evaluate and compare concentrations of serum sialic acid, nitric oxide, glycated haemoglobin, serum lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL, HDL), Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) in diabetic patients with and without nephropathy and healthy controls.2.To correlate serum sialic acid with glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, and UACR in diabetics with and without nephropathy.3.To correlate serum nitric oxide with glycated haemoglobin, lipid profile, UACR in diabetics with and without nephropathy