Background: The incidence of renal masses has risen significantly over the past years with the increasing use of radiological imaging modalities. For various treatment modalities of renal masses correct preoperative evaluation of renal tumors is very important. Present study was aimed to study of computed tomography (CT) in assessment in characterization of renal masses at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted patients of either gender, with diagnosed renal masses on ultrasound, underwent biopsy/surgery & histopathological diagnosis was available. Multi detector computed tomography was performed using 16 slice MDCT scanner. Results: 38 patients of renal mass were studied, majority patients were from 51-60 years (23.68%), 61-70 years age group (28.95%), were male (65.79%) & left sided (52.63%). Mean age was 55.9 ± 11.2 years. Common complaints were pain in abdomen (60.53%), Hematuria (28.95%), Mass per abdomen (23.68%) & nonspecific complaints (63.16%). In present study, Renal Cell Carcinoma (39.47 %), Renal abscess (15.79 %), Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN) (7.89 %), Multi-locular cystic nephroma (MLCN) (7.89 %), Bosniak type Cyst (7.89 %) & Lymphoma (5.26 %) were common CT diagnosis. 36 CT diagnosis were correlating with histopathology report, 2 CT diagnosis were not correlating to histopathology diagnosis as Bosniak type cyst was a case of renal cell carcinoma & renal cell carcinoma was a case of renal metastasis of unknown primary. Conclusion: Computed Tomography is the imaging modality of choice for further evaluation and characterization & enables excellent detection of renal masses and differentiation between cystic, complex cystic and solid masses.