Background:Septicemia is a potential clinical status which is a result of irresistible sickness or a inflammatory process secondary to infection or injury. Clinical management of septicemia requires brief research facility finding and plan of successful patient administration techniques that might incorporate antimicrobial chemotherapy. Despite the fact that the accessible biomarkers of septicemia, for example, CRP, procalcitonin has ended up being helpful, their disadvantages is elevation in non-septic conditions like injury, surgery, and different conditions like systemic inflammatory reaction disorder (SIRS), and insusceptible reaction amid septic conditions. Considering the way that septicemia because of contamination is microbiologically affirmed just in 30% of the cases, it is inescapable that there is requirement for different markers of septicemia. Neopterin is one of biochemical markers of immune activity, which seems to be useful in monitoring inflammatory diseases. Increased concentration of neopterin in serum is observed in conditions with involvement of cell mediated immune response. Investigations on critically ill patients on intensive care units evaluated neopterin levels as tool to discriminate patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome with and without infectious etiology. Neopterin levels were found to have a specificity of 78% for discriminating infectious and noninfectious etiology of critical illness