Aim: Role of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation and differentiation of inflammatory and neoplastic brain lesions. Material and methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. 50 patients with acute focal neurological deficit and manifestations suggestive of brain lesions which could be neoplastic or inflammatory in nature were included in this study. Data was collected using pre-structured proforma which included details such as name, age, gender, presenting complaints and findings were noted for MRI and DWI imaging.