Dental caries (tooth decay) is a prevalent disease. Resin composites have become the most commonly used materials to restore caries due to their direct-filling capability, tooth-coloredesthetics, and photo cure-on-demand property. Patients’ high aesthetic demands drive modern restorative dentistry to move forward toward adhesive, toothcolored restorations. The limited longevity of dental composite restorations due to the bulk/marginal fracture and secondary caries as well as possible health risks are the critical challenges faced by such materials. Therefore, developments of resin-based dental composites received considerable attention in academic researches for clinical applications. This article provides an insight that paves the way for tailoring and designing resin-based dental composites for clinical applications.