The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has led to the quarantine of peoples from many countries in their homes, in order to mitigate its spread. Some of these people developed mental health problems, and many solutions have been put in place to address the mental health issues of patients and health professionals affected by the disease. However, not much attention has been given to students, particularly those from medical colleges. The present study aims to conduct an online survey to investigate the mental health status of students from a medical college in India. Methods From March to August 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 470 medical college students from the coastal area in India using standard questionnaires measuring adverse psychological outcomes. Multivariate regression was used to examine the determinants of adverse psychological outcomes. Results Health difficulties faced by students during the lockdown period were measured. Alteration in their sleep pattern was prevalent in this sample of medical college students, and 65.3 % indicated positive screens for significant reduction in their attendance and concentration level. Due to the long-lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.