Objective: The paper was aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medication with traditional substances under different climatic conditions in the urban population of Chidambaram, TamilNadu. Materials and methods: The study was conducted for a period of twelve months. We selected as ample size of 125 households using random sampling techniques and pretested semistructured questionnaire. Socio-demographic variables were assessed as explanatory variables. Association between explanatory and outcome variables was tested using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was set at <0.05. SPSS (Version 21) and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. Results: Self-medication with traditional substances was most prevalent during the rainy season (89.50%). The most common home remedies used were thuduvalai (Purple fried pea eggplant) (24.8%), followed by pudina (Mint leaves)(17.7%) and inji (ginger), 13.2%. During winter, summer, and rainy seasons,most commonly used substances were milagu(Tailed pepper), sundakkai(Turkey berry), sukku(Dried Ginger), karpuravalli(Indian mint), inji(Ginger), nilavembu(Andrographis); kollu(Horse gram) and pudina(mint leaves); and tulsi(Holy basil), venthayakeerai(Fenugreek) and nilavembu(Andrographis); respectively. Vallarai(Brahmi leaves), arugampul(Bermuda grass), and mudakkathan (Balloon plant) were equally used in all seasons. Self-medications were mostly used for cough and cold (53.1%), followed by dyspepsia (24.7%). Majority of the participants (58.7%) in the study consumed self-medications for 2 days. Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that most commonly used remedies were thuthuvalai (24.8%), pudina (17.7%), and inji (13.2%). Most common complaints for which the home remedies were used were cough and cold (53.1%), followed by diarrhea and dyspepsia (24.7%).