ABSTRACT: The cementitious material generally known by its trade name of “Mineral Trioxide Aggregate” (MTA) is a derivative of Portland cement (PC) mainly comprised of calcium and silicate elements. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), has been successfully used in various endodontic therapies such as root end fillings, furcation perforation repairs and in vital pulp therapies. But MTA is an expensive material compared to ordinary Portland cement. Because of their chemical similarity, the possibility of using PC as a less expensive alternative to MTA in dental practice should be considered. The aim of this article was to analyze the literature related to physical, chemical, and biological properties of Portland cement as well as researches conducted with PC.