Background: Low backache (LBA) in females is a major public health problem world-wide and treating this condition is also challenging due to its vast differential diagnosis. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is the most frequently encountered condition in females for LBA and if diagnosed and treated early can lead to significant improvement in symptoms of LBA. Aim: The present study is conducted to determine the incidence of Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and its associated risk factors in women with complaints of low back pain (LBP). Material and Methods: A prospective epidemiological study was done in the department of orthopedics in GRMC Gwalior, M.P. 400 female patients attending OPD with the presenting complaint of LBP were enrolled in our study. Detailed history was taken and thorough examination was done. Results: Out of 400 patients with LBA, PID was found in 324 (81%) patients. Maximum number (32%) of patients was from the age group of 41- 50 years. Majority of patients (60.7%) were of low socio-economic status, 51.7% females were illiterate, 69% females were overweight 31.8% of patients complained of vaginal discharge were age group of 41-50 years. 37.4% women used oral contraceptive pills and 58.1% females had an intrauterine contraceptive device inserted. Majority of the PID patients (53.4%) showed inflammatory cell on Pap smear