Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most prevalent form of anemia especially in developing countries. Females of child bearing age are vulnerable for developing IDA due to menstrual blood loss, dietary deficiency, pregnancy and lactation. IDA is diagnosed by low blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels which correlates with body iron stores. Of the various biological effects of iron, there are many evidences that iron effects normal neurological functioning and development. This forms the biological basis for the behavioral and cognitive developmental delays observed in iron-deficient anemic infants and children. Reduced levels of blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin has been positively correlated with low cognitive score and altered evoked potentials in females with IDA. Lack of research studies to know the effect of IDA on neurophysiological parameters like cognitive performance, event related potential and brainstem auditory response are little explored in Indian adult females. Methods: Cognitive status is assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale which is validated testing scale for diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment and neurophysiological assessment is done using auditory Event Related Potential (ERP / P300) and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry (BERA). MoCA score, ERP and BERA values will be compared in females with iron deficiency anemia and normal females and also associated with blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels. IDA may impair Cognitive performance and hearing in adult females which may have tremendous impact on understanding of speech and problem solving in them. Hence, the aim of the study is to confirm a relationship between IDA and neuro-cognitive features using cognitive scale and evoked potentials in adult females.