Introduction: Any HIV infected individual with a CD4+ T cell count of less than 200/L has AIDS by definition, regardless of presence of symptoms of opportunistic disease. Neurological complications increase with decline in CD4+ T cell count. With CD4 T cell count less than 500/micro-L- Early stage -Demyelinating Neuropathy CD4 T cell count 200 to 500 – Mid stage- dementia VZV Radiculitis and CD4 T cell count less than 200 - Advance stage -Dementia, myelopathy, painful neuropathy. Plasma viral load independently provide an important prognostic information with regard to AIDS. If CD4 count goes below 250/microliter common neurological manifestations are TB meningitis (TBM), cryptococcal meningitis (CCM), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PMLE), AIDS dementia complexes (ADC), Acute inflammatory demyelination polyneuropathy (AIDP). HIV RNA (viral load) and CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4) cell count are the two surrogate markers of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Response and HIV disease progression that have been used for decades to manage and monitor HIV infection.