Abstract. Oil shale is one of the promising types of organic raw materials that can largely compensate for, and in the future, replace, oil products and gas. The development of oil shale mining and its subsequent processing is mostly hampered by the problem of utilization of large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted during shale tar extraction. In this research, a rather large number of modern thermal technologies for oil shale processing have been studied. Based on comparative analysis, the most optimal environmental technologies are proposed. The main purpose of all processes is to produce marketable products in the form of liquid oil shale and semi-coking gas. Prerequisites are being created in Uzbekistan for the organization of the oil shale industry. Therefore, the use of recommended modern, effective technologies for oil shale mining and use in fuel and energy complex of Uzbekistan will lead to positive results in the diversification of fuel balance of the country.