Abstract : Adiponectin is a biomarker for diseases associated with obesity, such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes mellitus. We assessed a correlation between blood exosome miRNA 326 and adiponectin in diabetic patients. One hundred diabetic patients and fifty healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. They were divided into three groups: Group I, (n= 50) apparently healthy volunteers as control subjects. Group II, (n= 50) type I diabetes patients Group III, (n= 50) type II diabetes patients. miRNA was extracted from isolated exosomes peripheral blood samples of both the diseased and control groups. miRNA 326 gene expression was quantified by qRT-PCR. Adiponectin and insulin levels were assessed by ELISA. Finally, HOMA is calculated for all subjects. There was a significant increase miRNA 326 expression in diabetic patients of type I and II relative to normal control subjects, miRNA326 increased significantly in diabetic patients of type II compared to diabetic patients of type I. While a significant decrease adiponectin level in diabetic patients of type I and II relative to normal control subjects and a significant decrease adiponectin level in diabetic patients of type II relative to diabetic patients of type I. Exosome miR-326 is significantly highly expressed in diabetic patients with significantly decrease in adiponectin.