This article examines the nosogeographic conditions of Bukhara region and the peculiarities and problems of public health. Bukhara region is located in the south-west of Uzbekistan, in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River, and the main part of its territory consists of deserts. The influence of the desert plays a leading role in the nature of the region. Although there are differences in the nature of oases compared to desert areas, they have all the features of desert conditions. Extreme aridity and heat, as well as a lack of precipitation, have a direct impact on the health of the population. The unsuitability of drinking water content and high salinity of soils are also likely to cause various diseases. Representatives of flora and fauna, which are widespread in the region, have also adapted to these natural conditions. They can be conditionally divided into desert and oasis types. Some of the most common medicinal plants in the region can be used in medicine to make a variety of medicines. Due to the natural conditions of the region, there is an opportunity to build health facilities in the region for the treatment of certain diseases, including kidney, musculoskeletal and other diseases.