Basic minimal information about the care of children in diarrhea and ORS use is important for early recovery. To plan an anti-diarrheal program, it’s important to know the knowledge, beliefs, practices of diarrhea understanding, and management including ORS; in the community [1] . the study to check out the Knowledge of mothers towards their children below 5 years of age for oral rehydration when attending primary health care centers in Baghdad. This study is a descriptive study with analytic purposes, where 166 mothers were interviewed when attending 5 primary health care centers in the al-Rusafa side of Baghdad city. They were divided into G1(116) cases where mothers of children presenting with cut gastroenteritis, while the remaining 50 children in G2 presented with cut disease other than gastroenteritis. The period of research and data collection was between April 2019 and August 2019 A questionnaire was developed by the researcher, fulfilled by the interviewer. Regarding the mother's ages of both groups, their ages were ranging between (15-65) years. 85%, 90% of both groups were from (15-20) years old respectively. Educational level revealed that most cases have not gone beyond secondary school (G198%, G2 100%). For the employment status (79.4) employed for G1 and (70%) for G2. The crowding index <1 forG1 = 17.2%, G2 = 6%. Regarding the mother’s knowledge of ORT, only ORS used in dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhea, the correct way in preparation of ORS, - and knowledge about signs of dehydration were significant. The previous practice by G1 and G2 was 38% and 82% respectively. Attitude and practice of Gl and G2 during the attack of diarrhea shows significant only in using over - the- counter medications. The high independence score of both groups of mothers Gl, G2 shows 8.6% and 14% respectfully. Most of the mothers in our study had moderate knowledge about oral rehydration salts and technique while the percentage that using ORS was few. Intensive media advertisement about the importance of ORS is required. A leading campaign by the -ministry of health among mothers of under-five children to stimulate them to use ORS for their children as long as diarrhea to lower child morbidity and mortality.