In fact, the indications for cesarean section has changed in many countries, now including psychosocial factors such as anxiety about the delivery, or even the mother’s wish to have a cesarean section in the absence of any medical indication.The rate of cesarean section is considered as a proxy indicator in maternal health to monitor health services progress. The World Health organization (WHO) has recommended 5% to 15% population-based cesarean section rate. Changing risk profiles among increasingly older primiparae are often cited as a reason for the rise in cesarean deliveries. An increase in maternal request cesarean sections also plays a part. However, the rise in cesarean section rates should not be viewed in isolation from changes in society. In recent years a number of risks have also been described for babies delivered by elective cesarean section as the development of bronchial asthma. Existing data are unsatisfactory, however, and a focus of current controversy. Previous studies point to neonatal risk associated with elective cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery, including increased mortality, increased risk of respiratory disease, or diabetes type I. Other studies found no difference in neonatal outcome between elective cesarean and vaginal delivery; although they emphasize that only limited data are available. The present study aimed to review indication and risks associated with surgical procedure of cesarean section.