Inflammatory bowel disease is a common and lifelong debilitating gastrointestinal disease. Several cultbased studies and molecular methods have shown that Escherichia coli bacteria can play a role in IBD. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between IBD and bacterial leishmaniosis (ETEC) and their relationship with IBD and non-IBD. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 81 paraffin blocks including 41 positive IBD samples and 40 control samples (healthy) were examined for ETEC bacteria. Samples were collected from Ghaem Hospital between 2016 and 2018. Initially, the blocks were cut to extract DNA and the DNA was extracted manually. Then, the design of the private premium probe for ETEC identification was done by the RealTime PCR method. After confirming the primers, Taqman prob Real-time PCR was performed on IBD and control sample. Results: DNA extraction was performed and its quality was confirmed by NanoDrop device. Demographic results showed that the mean age of IBD and control patients was 51 and 46, respectively. The results from Real-Time PCR showed that 12 cases (30%) of IBD-positive individuals were positive for ETEC, while no positive cases were observed in control individuals (negative IBD). Statistical study shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ETEC bacteria. Discussion: Given the conditions of IBD and the results of this study, the presence of the toxin bacterium Escherichia coli is likely to exacerbate the conditions and symptoms of IBD by producing toxin virulence factors.