Background:Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is defined as kidney disease attributed to diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common micro vascular complication of diabetes .DN develops in 15-20% of subjects with T1DM and in similar or higher percentage of T2DM patients, causing increased morbidity and premature mortality. American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening for nephropathy 5 years after diagnosis for type 1 diabetes and at diagnosis for type 2 diabetes.Aim: To estimate the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy in children and adolescent diagnosed with diabetes Method: A case control study was carried on one hundred and fifty of children went to pediatrics clinics of zagazig university hospital. They were classified in to 75 diabetic children who were type 1DM for more than 4 years and their age less than 18 years old and 75 non diabetic children of the same gender and age. Both groups under go full history, clinical and laboratory investigations during the period from December 2018 to November 2019. Result: frequency of persistent microalbuminuria and hypertension among diabetic patients were 293 per 1000 and 160 per 1000patient respectively.Conclusion: Type1 diabetic children and adolescent are liable for the occurrence of early diabetic nephropathy so intensive diabetes therapy is needed, regular screening for MA and measurement and interpretation of BP and GFR