Annotation This article explores the problem of evacuating children and institutions during the Second World War in Uzbekistan, focuses on aspects such as reception and accommodation, and the role of evacuation centers and their staff in the systematic organization of evacuation work. The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study the problem to identify the state of work, the mechanisms of activity of local governments, institutions, the scope and results of activities. It was shown that the evacuation of children, their reception and placement were the focus of local authorities. The complexity of the work, its difficulties and ways to solve the emerging problems is highlighted. An analysis of the sources indicates that in the most difficult conditions of the war there was a state policy for the protection and preservation of childhood, the preservation of the country's gene pool.