Dental practitioners are exposed to different occupational hazards during the course of their professional activity, such as physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic factors. The ergonomic hazards, caused by strained posture and prolonged repetitive movements, can induce musculoskeletal disorders. It occurs in 54–93% of dental professionals and involve the spine, shoulder and hand-wrist tract. Through a scoping review of international literature, we analyzed specific ergonomic risk factors and preventive measures of musculoskeletal disorders in professional dental activity. The presentation of this scoping review is in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The review included articles published in the last 22 years, from 2000 to 2022 on the major online databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library). The search strategy used a combination of controlled vocabulary and free text terms based on the keywords.