Dental caries has a lasting detrimental impact on dentition. Early childhood caries is a serious problem in both developing as well as industrialized countries. It is characterized as early onset and rapid progression. Preventive measures help to reduce their spread but they are only effective when parents and caregivers follow the preventive measures as described. Management of decayed teeth requires professional treatment to remove infection and restore tooth function. This review article gives in-depth knowledge about various aspects of early childhood caries.