Background: Water is basic human right, most precious resource for economy and health. Drinking water and sanitation is a fundamental health service. The health of a person largely depends on its quality and quantity of safe water. Water must be safe and wholesome. But unfortunately the problem of water pollution has now become a burning question. Material and methods: This community based cross sectional study was done in rural Areas in kishanganj District, Bihar, India for 8 months . The sample size of the study was finalized to 200 houses structured questionnaires were prepared, which include the basic sociodemographic profile, knowledge and practice questions regarding drinking water and sanitation of households in the rural communities of the study area. The questionnaire was pretested in few selected household. Results: 60 (30%) of them were illiterate, out of whom 110 (55%) of families belonged to middle class and 50(25%) of families belonged to the upper socioeconomic class .Most of households had knowledge about the importance of covered drinking water 190 (95%) followed by clean drinking water 174 (87%), cleaning of river/pond water 140(70%), covered garbage dustbin 126(63%), sanitary toilet 170 (85%) and hand wash after toilet 190(95%). A total of 200 households were visited for the study purpose. Most of the respondents were adult females 100(50%) and belonged to 20-40 years age group 159 (53%). The most common occupation of head of household was skilled 145 (48.3%) followed by unskilled 74 (37%). Knowledge of clean drinking water was significantly related with practice of covered water 164 (82%), distance of source 180 (40%), cleaning and disinfectant for water 190 (95%). Similarly, knowledge regarding covered drinking water 180 (90%) and Rivers/Ponds water 140 (70%) was significantly associated with practice of cleaning and disinfectant for drinking water. Conclusion: Knowledge was good enough but unhealthy practices make health education very important for better use of existing facilities and also to prevent the incidences of water and sanitation related diseases.