Tuberculosis has huge impact in humanity with high mortality rate in developing countries. For diagnosis of tuberculosis sputum smear microscopy has been the primary method in low middle income countries. But sputum microscopy has its some limitation in its performance. But if bacterial load is less then100000/ML of sputum sample the sensitivity is grossly compromised. In 1930 Fluorescent microscopy was introduced for detection of TB, which shows better result in compared to ordinary microscopy/ ZN microscopy. Specificity, sensitivity, cost effectiveness, and cost benefit of fluorescent microscopy have not yet established. International guidance on quality assurance for fluorescent microscopy does not currently exist. Current methods of drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are costly or time consumable task. As the multidrug resistance tuberculosis is increases so the fast, reliable and inexpensive methods are in need of for detection of Tuberculosis. In compared to microscopy sputum culture can detect far lower number of AFB. Moreover, culture make it possible to identify the mycobacterial species as well as perform drug susceptibility testing. Rapid and molecular technique are also established for diagnosis of TB.