Abstract Aim: Dental caries assessment among asthmatic and asthma free children. Material and methods: A Comparative, observational study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Sasaram, Bihar, India, for 12 months. 100 patients were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups. Group I - the study group included 50 children diagnosed with asthma by the pediatrician and Group II consisted of 50 children with asthma free. The teeth were examined under artificial light and DMFT and dmft score were recorded. All examinations were conducted by a single trained examiner and an assistant assisted the examinerin the survey. Results: The asthmatic children had a higher mean DMFT/dmft score (0.56 ± 0.84/2.81 ± 2.62) when compared to asthma-free children. When t test was applied, this difference was found to be statistically significant for permanent teeth (t=2.245; p-value=0.031) as well as deciduous teeth (t=4.674; p-value=0.001). In this study, asthma was categorized based on its severity as intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, and severe persistent. When dental caries status DMF was assessed based on this asthma severity, a higher percentage of children suffering from moderate persistent asthma, had decayed teeth (D) and filled teeth (F), and the similar result was found when dental caries status dmf was assessed based on this asthma severity, a higher percentage of children suffering from moderate persistent asthma, had decayed teeth (D), missing (M), and filled teeth (F). Conclusion: We concluded that the high prevalence of dental caries in both permanent and deciduous. The results of this study show that there is a high prevalence of dental caries in both permanent and deciduous teeth in asthmatic children in the surveyed population.