Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is defined as the impairment of renal function measured as either a 25% increase in serum creatinine (SCr) from baseline or a 0.5 mg/dL (44 µmol/L) increase in absolute SCr value within 48-72 hours after intravenous contrast administration. Although prophylactic hydration has been promising in decreasing the occurrence of CIN, other efforts such as diuretics, calcium channel blockers, theophylline, aminophylline, atrial natriuretic peptide, dopamine, and fenoldopam have been disappointing. The preventive effect of Nacetylcysteine on CIN has not been consistent in the literature. In a recent clinical trial, bicarbonate infusion was more effective than hydration in the prevention of CIN. Mechanical devices are in development to perfuse renal arteries with protective drugs during contrast exposure or for removal of contrast from coronary sinus during coronary angiography. In this article, we have reviewed available data in regards to CIN.