Abstract The motive behind the study was to compare selected physiological and physical fitness parameters between short distance swimmers and sprinters. The study was carried out in 20 males, 10 swimmers and 10 athletes from Degree College of Physical Education (HVPM) Amravati between the age group of 18-25yrs. The selected variables were examined statistically by applying independent t-test. In conclusion the study showed that there was significance difference observed in vital capacity, flexibility, maximum strength, cardiovascular endurance and in thigh fat % but insignificance difference observed in resting pulse rate, SPO2 and in abdomen and biceps fat %. Swimmers have shown significantly less flexibility as compared to sprinters, so the researchers suggested focusing on flexibility during training for better performance.