Background: Despite the vast experience of treating burns in surgery, a large number of victims become disabled; therefore they represent a serious medical and social problem. Methods: The study included 120 white outbred male rats, which were simulated an experimental 3-degree topical burn and were divided into 4 groups according to the type of treatment substance. The burn was simulated by immersing the depilated skin area in boiling water. Studies of wound healing were carried out in three series, respectively, on the third, seventh and tenth days. Results: We found that the local application of chitosan derivatives at an early stage leads to healing of the wound defect in rats in our experimental model. This was associated with a decrease in endogenous intoxication, lipoperoxidation, and internucleosomal degradation compared to the control group. Conclusion: Thermal damage is accompanied by increased internucleosomal skin degradation. Compared with levomecol, chitosan derivatives more effectively reduce the degree of internucleosomal degradation, especially on the 10th day of the experiment.