Aim: To evaluate the Non-specific chronic low back pain and physical activity Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) PMCH Patna, Bihar, India for 15 months. 40 subjects with NSCLBP and 25 age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and gender-matched healthy controls participated in this study. Each group consisted of 20 males and 20 females (age range, 21 -46 years). Subjects with NSCLBP were included if they presented with LBP of at least 3/10 on the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for a duration of >3 months. Subjects in the control group had to be free of LBP for at least 1-year before participation and never had an episode of LBP that lasted more than 3 months in the past. Results: 40 participants with a mean age 29.5 ± 5.0 years old and BMI of 26.3 ± 2.5 kg/m2 completed this study. Fifty percent of the participants were females (n = 20) and 50% were active (n = 20). The distribution of all quantitative variables was approximately normal. There was no significant difference in demographic and general characteristics between the 2 groups. There was no significant group physical activity interaction effect for all directions (P > .05). However, there was a significant difference in mean reach distance by physical activity level (active vs inactive) in all directions (right A, 69.5 ± 6.5 vs 63.9 ± 5.9, P = .003, partial h2 =0.18; right PM, 113.1 ± 11.3 vs 99.1 ± 12.3, P <.001, h2 = 0.28; right PL, 111.1 ± 11.8 vs 95.1 ± 12.1 P < .001, h2 = 0.33; and right composite score, 100.2 ± 8.9 vs 87.9 ± 8.8, P < .001, h2 = 0.36, respectively). There were no inter limb differences (P > .05). There was no significant group physical activity interaction effect for sway velocity during right and left eye open and closed, and during left eye open (P > .05). However, there was a significant difference in mean sway velocity by physical activity level (active vs inactive) during both eyes closed conditions (right eye closed 2.7 ± 2.7 vs 5.0 ± 4.9, P = .02, h2 = 0.12; left eye closed 2.9 ± 2.8 vs 5.1 ± 4.3, P = .01, h2 = 0.12, respectively). There were no interlimb differences (P >.05). Nevertheless, there was a group physical activity interaction effect in mean sway velocity during left eye closed (P =.04). Conclusion: Based on our present findings, postural control was not significantly different between active individuals with and without NSCLBP. However, inactive individuals with NSCLBP exhibited diminished postural control compared to age-matched inactive healthy controls.