Annotation: The article highlights the negligence and irresponsibility of the industrial enterprises built in Uzbekistan in 1940-1980, which led to environmental problems. Lack of technical equipment in the chemical, petroleum, mining and construction industries built in the country, low allocation of funds for material and technical bases have led to a sharp increase in environmental damage at enterprises. Atmospheric air, soil, water and nearby populations suffered from industrial waste. Over the years, the environmental situation in Uzbekistan has worsened due to the fact that industrial enterprises are in need of repair. Since the former union was the sole owner of these industrial enterprises, local leaders could not solve even the simplest problems in industrial enterprises on their own. Activities in industrial enterprises were managed by the center. The appeals of the local population were not taken into account, and no measures were taken to prevent diseases and environmental tragedies among the population. As a result, the pollution of the Amudarya and Syrdarya rivers, the main water sources of Central Asian countries, has created economic and social problems. Historical and research sources provide information on the catastrophic impact of the waste from the chemical aluminum plant in Tajikistan on the environmental situation in the transboundary regions of Uzbekistan, including Surkhandarya.