Online ISSN: 2515-8260

A prospective study to determine the clinical profile of ultrasonographic features and visual evoked potential changes in patients of ocular trauma with opaque media

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Dr. Akanchha Kumari1 , Dr. Bikash Kumar Pandey

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the present study to determine the clinical profile of ultrasonographic features and visual evoked potential changes inpatients of ocular trauma with opaque media. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India, for 1 year. Total 100 patients with uniocular trauma having opaque media were included in the study. The uninvolved better eye of the patient served as control. Routine Laboratory investigations were done along with. Conjunctival swab examination and syringing of both nasolacrimal ducts and X-rays of the skull and the orbit. Special investigations included 1- Ultrasonography (USG) and 2- Visual Evoked Potential (VEP). The patients were randomly allocated into two groups of 50 each according to the arrangement of numbers in random number tables, so that one half of the patients were evaluated first by ultrasonography and the other half by Visual evoked potential testing. All the findings at follow up were noted and compared with the preoperative findings in each case to assess the diagnostic reliability of ultrasonography (USG) and to assess the prognostic value of USG and VEP regarding the final visual outcome in these patients. Results: The study showed ocular trauma was more prevalent in the younger age groups (i.e. 31% in 10-20 yrs and 18% in 20-30 yrs), than in the elderly (6% in 40-50 years and 16% in 50-60 yrs). In this study, 78(78%) were males and 22 (22%) were females respectively. The corneal opacity was present in 27(27%) patients, hyphaema was present in 42(42%) patients, cataract was present in 72 (72%) patients, vitreous haemorrhage was present in 37 (37%) patients and intraocular foreign body was present in 7 (7%) patients. Ultrasonography detected cataract in 64 out of 73 cases (87.67%), while cataract was detected clinically in 56 out of 70 cases (95.89%). Conclusion: USG B Scan is a very useful primary investigation to detect the posterior segment pathology in case of opaque media in traumatic eye. The VEP is affected in case of sight threatening findings. Thus VEP studies were more accurate than USG in predicting vision threatening ocular damage and the final visual outcome in this study.

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