Online ISSN: 2515-8260

A cross-sectional study to determine the clinical profile of retinal vasculitis in a tertiary eye care hospital in Bihar

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Dr. Chandra Shekhar Pandey1 , Dr. Sarita Kumari2 , Dr. Rajesh Kumar Tiwari3

Abstract

Aims: the aim of the present study to determine the clinical profile of retinal vasculitis in a tertiary eye care Centre in Bihar region. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Nalanda Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India, for 13 months . Demographic variables, risk factors, symptoms, clinical signs and visual acuity at presentation were studied. Examination tools used were Log MAR chart, slit lamp, direct & indirect ophthalmoscope. Results: 100 eyes of 70 patients with retinal vasculitis were studied. Among the 70 patients studied, 40(57.14%) were females and 30(42.86%) were males. most of the patients below 20 years age group and followed by above 40 years. Retinal vasculitis was bilateral in 30 (42.86%) and unilateral in 40 (57.14%) cases. 20 (50%) males had bilateral retinal vasculitis and 20 (50%) had unilateral disease; whereas in female group, 10 (33.33%) and 20 (66.67%) subjects had bilateral and unilateral disease, respectively. The most common presenting symptom was defective vision seen in 57 eyes (57%), followed by floaters in 36 eyes (36%). Other symptoms were pain reported in 20 eyes (20%), redness in 29 eyes (29%), photophobia in 21 eyes (21%) and flashes in 7 eyes (7%). Vascular sheathing was noted in 84(84) eyes making it the most common finding in retinal vasculitis eyes. Vitritis 53(53) and vascular sclerosis 43(43) were other common findings. Vitreous hemorrhage 29(29) wasthe most common type of hemorrhage noted in vasculitic eyes. Retinal neovascularization was seen in 34(34) eyes. Capillary non perfusion (45%) was the most common angiographic finding followed by collaterals 22%. Macula was normal in 50 (50%) eyes while it was not possible to comment on the macular status in 15(15%) eyes. Cystoid macular edema 9(9%) epiretinal membrane 7 (7) and internal limiting membrane striae 6(6) were most common macular abnormalities noted. Majority of patients 42.86% did not have any systemic illness. 57.14 % patients had received oral steroids for retinal vasculitis. Conclusion: Retinal vasculitis cases had similar clinical presentations and common treatment plan. There was no systemic disease association with vasculitis warranting a careful approach in prescribing investigations.

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