European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The present study was conducted for assessing prevalence of chronic low
back pain among daily wages workers.
Materials & methods: A total of 200 daily wages workers were enrolled. Complete
demographic details of all the patients were obtained. A questionnaire was prepared for
assessing the prevalence of chronic low back pain. The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI)
was assessed in all the patients with chronic low pain. Patients with history of systemic
illness or any known drug allergy were excluded. All the results were recorded in
Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software.
Results: Out of 200 daily wages worker, chronic low back pain was seen in 82.5 percent
of the patients. Mean duration of symptoms was 7 to 9 months seen in 46 subjects while
it was between 10 to 12 months in 44 subjects.
Conclusion: Daily wages workers are significantly affected by chronic low back pain

Abstract. The scientific work presents the results of dynamic research to study the structure,
level and dynamics of the general, professionally conditioned and professional morbidity of
employees of SE “Ferghana Oil Refinery”, SE “Ferghana Heat and Power Plant” and JSC
“Ferghanaazot”, which are part of the Kyrgyz Industrial Zone of the Ferghana region for 5
years (2010-2014). The main professional qualification groups working at the enterprises
under research at the age of 19 to 40 years with the work experience from 1 to 20 years were
surveyed. 6000 man-days of working observations were made. High morbidity rates were
revealed among the employees of Ferghana Oil Refinery and JSC “Ferghanaazot” in the
groups with the experience of up to 5 years and 11-20 years. The analysis of morbidity rate
among age groups of workers showed high indices at the age above 35 years. In the structure
of morbidity for the period of 2010-2014, the first leading places were occupied by diseases of
respiratory organs, then by diseases of circulatory and digestive organs, traumas and
poisoning, then by diseases of the nervous system, skin and subcutaneous tissue. High
respiratory diseases are associated with long-term exposure to occupational risk factors, where
chemical contamination is the most dangerous.

The article presents information about the hygienic state of the oral cavity, the state of periodontal tissues, the level of hygienic knowledge and measures of therapeutic and prophylactic measures among workers of silk-winding production. The object of study was 97 workers of the alkaline-winding industry "Bukhara Brilliant Silk", who are exposed to industrial noise, as one of the harmful production factors, also the dustiness of the air in working rooms in various workshops and, in terms of importance, harmful, production factors are microclimatic conditions, at the age of 29 59 years. The control group consisted of 44 employees of the administrative and managerial apparatus, whose work process excludes the impact of factors of the working environment. The results of the research revealed the total prevalence of diseases of hard tissues of teeth (99.1%) and periodontal disease (100%) among workers of the alkaline industry "Bukhara Brilliant Silk", a high prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa - 58.7%, a low level of oral hygiene and hygiene knowledge. There is an obvious need to develop a targeted prevention program, including a comprehensive - individual, professional oral hygiene and health education.

Background
Health care associated infections (HCAI) are one of the most serious and complex worldwide health problems. Commitment to standard precautions (SPs) and infection control (IC) measures are important to all healthcare providers (HCP) to prevent occupational exposure to hazardous materials. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly more prone to blood-borne pathogens through contact with infected blood and body fluids during their work. It is based on the presumption that every person is infected or colonized with an organism that could be transmitted in the healthcare setting and thus health care workers need to apply infection control practices during the delivery of health care.Health care worker at risk of health associated infection (HAIs) due to their exposure to the patients during carrying out their duties. Health care workers in primary health care centers are the first to detect and to prevent the spread of infection. Standard precautions are regarded as an effective means for protecting health care worker, patients and community.
 Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the level of Knowledge and practices of infection control standard among health care workers at the primary healthcare level in Makkah City.
Method:  A cross sectional study enrolled HCWs (doctors, nurses, lab workers) from 10 primary healthcare (PHC) centers in in Makkah, during the April to June, 2021, Our total participants were (200)
.Results:the knowledge regarding standard precautions of infection control study results show the majority of participant had average information were(55.0%) while weak knowledge were(21.0%) the data ranged from(5-18) by mean ±SD(12.15±3.11), also the Nationality is a significant relation between knowledge and Practices increase in the non-Saudi healthcare workers were mean+ SD respectively (12.980±2.606, 6.603±1.510), compared to the Saudis had adequate level of knowledge Practices where (T=-5.33, T=-6.152) and P-value=<0.001.
Conclusion: There was a gap between the actual and desired Knowledge and practices of Healthcare providers regarding IC. Continuing education programs are needed to improve their Knowledge and practices scores towards SPs and IC measures in order to reduce HCAI, inadequate knowledge particularly concerning the disposal of sharp instruments and hand hygiene were also detected. The studies highlighted the necessity of the provision of a comprehensive training program to ensure compliance with infection control measures by HCWs.