European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: The prevalence at an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 5 or more occurrences per hour was greater in males (9%-38%) than in the general population. The prevalence of this trait rose with age, reaching as high as 90% in males and 78% in women among the elderly. Obstructive sleep apnea has been associated to metabolic dysregulation independent of obesity and OSA, and sleep fragmentation is a major consequence of OSA. 
Method: Inpresent study246 subjects received polysomnography (PSG) and among them 192 assessed for CPAP titration. 78 participants were removed due to inclusion criteria, CPAP intolerance, refusal to participate, those who can't afford treatment, etc. The remaining 114 subjects were 61 obese non-diabetics and 53 obese type 2 diabetics. These 53 obese diabetic subjects were divided into 3 groups: CPAP group, CPAP with Lifestyle changes and CPAP with Pranayama group. Follow-up was done after six-month.
Result: All study groups had lower AHI scores. Sleep efficiency % increased across all trial groups. All research groups' stage I and Stage II sleep % were decreased and demonstrated increase in time in Stage III. All groups experienced more REM sleep, Improved SPO₂ % and lower Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores.
Conclusion: The sleep pattern improved across all the different sleep stages. Using CPAP in conjunction with these two interventions not only enhances the success rate of treating OSA, but also shortens the overall time necessary for therapy.

Background: The incidence of OSA among persons who have type 2 diabetes may vary anywhere from 8.5% to 86%. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common in people of South Asian heritage who have type 2 diabetes (OSA). People of South Asian descent who have been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes tend to be overweight, and this obesity has been associated to obstructive sleep apnea. 
Method: In present study 246 subjects received Polysomnography (PSG) and among them 192 assessed for CPAP titration. 78 participants were removed due to inclusion criteria, CPAP intolerance, refusal to participate, those who can't afford treatment, etc. The remaining 114 subjects were obese non-diabetics (61) and obese type 2 diabetics (53). These 53 obese diabetic subjects were divided into 3 groups: CPAP group, CPAP with Lifestyle changes and CPAP with Pranayama group. Follow-up was done after six-month.
Result: We found BMI, Waist Circumference, Hip Circumference and Neck Circumference were decreased in all three-study groups after six months of interventions. It was very highly Significant (p<0.001) in all groups. We have also found a positive correlation with AHI and Anthropometric evaluation.
Conclusion: The pattern of sleep improved across the all-different stages of sleep. Using CPAP in conjunction with these two interventions not only improves the success rate of treating OSA, but also shortens the overall time necessary for therapy.

Background: Deficiency of pulmonary surfactant is one of the most important factors contributing to the development of respiratory RDS [1]. In immature lungs, the elevated surface tension resulting from surfactant deficiency leads to alveolar collapse at the end of expiration, atelectasis, uneven inflation and regional alveolar over distension. Improved use of antenatal steroids, labour room CPAP, trial of CPAP before intubation and caffeine have changed the way a preterm baby with RDS is managed in the last decade. Many babies with RDS who used to receive prophylactic or early rescue surfactant are now managed with CPAP alone, others are administered surfactant only if they fail CPAP. But, in this process of trial of CPAP, a few babies receive surfactant as “late rescue” after few hours of trial of CPAP. Objective: To evaluate factors determining long duration of respiratory support (CPAP/ventilation > 120 hours) in VLBW babies in Indian NICU.
Aims and Objectives: To evaluate factors determining long duration of respiratory support (CPAP/ventilation > 120 hours) in VLBW babies in Indian NICU.
Material and Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted at RDJM Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India from October 2021 to September 2022. All legally viable preterm babies < 32 weeks and < 1500 grams (inborn or out born admitted within 2 hours of birth) were included in the study. A total of 50 Babies were included in the study.
Results and Observations: Out of 50 babies 9 babies were excluded from analysis due to major malformation in 6 and referral of 3 cases. A definite association was noted between gestation (86% of<28 weeks 46% of 29-30, 18% of 31-32 weeks babies, p=0.02) and long duration of respiratory support. Boys vs girls (61% vs 32%, p=0.06), babies born after spontaneous labor vs delivery for maternal/fetal reasons (67% vs 32%, P0.06) were likely to require long duration of respiratory support

To study the immediate outcome of preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on CPAP and identify factors associated with its failure.