European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background: Klebsiella species has been considered as a major pathogen responsible for hospital acquired infections. Out of the six ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Acinetobacter Baumanii, Pseudomonas Aeroginosa and Enterobacter species), Klebsiella is the most encountered organism. Resistance in Klebsiella species due to production of extended spectrum beta lactamases and carbapenemases is growing, resulting in higher mortality,increased hospital stay and higher therapeutic cost .The present study highlights the need for continued monitoring of AST patterns and also emphasizes on formulation of sound antibiotic policy in the hospital.
Methodology: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GMCH, Amritsar from November 2021 to May 2022. 1747Klebsiella isolates from various 7572 clinical samples (urine, pus, blood, wound and sputum) were included in the study and samples were obtained from both inpatients and outpatients, of all age groups and of both sexes.  Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done for all the isolates using antimicrobial discs (Ampicillin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Amikacin, Piperacillin tazobactam, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, PolyB, Cefotaxime, Meropenem, Colistin, Nitrofurantoin, and Norfloxacin) on Mueller-Hinton agar plates by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines 2021
Results: Overall Klebsiella isolates was reported in 23.07% of all the samples. Out of 1747 Klebsiella isolates, K.pneumoniae and K. oxytoca was revealed in 91.35% and 8.64% of the Klebsiella isolates respectively. Maximum resistance was shown by ampicillin (100%). In this study, maximum sensitivity was shown with Colistin and Polymyxin-B i.e. 99.66% and 99.26% respectively
Conclusion: As the multidrug resistant strains of Klebsiella species are constantly increasing. Knowledge about the resistance pattern of these bacterial strains will help in the judicial use of antibiotics, formulation of antibiotic policies apt for the hospitals and implementation of infection control programs.

Aims:To evaluate the bacteriological profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of isolates from blood
culture.
Methods: In all, 610 patients with a suspected blood stream infection were recruited for this research
from the different OPDs, IPDs, and ICUs located within the hospital. Standard microbiological
procedures, including colony character, gram staining, motility testing, and standard biochemical
tests, were used throughout the process of isolating and identifying the organisms. Antimicrobial
susceptibility test Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion technique was used on Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) in
accordance with the recommendations provided by the CLSI to test antimicrobial sensitivity.
Results:During the course of this investigation, a total of 610 blood samples were obtained for the
purpose of blood culture; of them, 120 (19.67 percent) were culture positive. From a total of 120
positive cultures, 49 were gram-positive bacteria (40.83 percent), 64 were gram-negative bacteria
(53.33 percent), and 7 were Candida spp. Klebsiella species, which accounted for 36.37 percent of the
total 120 isolates, was the most prevalent organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus, which
accounted for 18.33 percent, and Escherichia coli, which accounted for 2.5 percent of the total.
Vancomycin (90.91 percent) and linezolid (90.91 percent) exhibited the greatest activity when
compared to the other antibiotics that were utilised for susceptibility testing for gram-positive isolates.
Conclusion:Klebsiella species was the most prevalent organism, followed by Staphylococcusaureus
as the second most prevalent organism. Imipenem was the medicine that was shown to be the most
effective against gram-negative bacteria, while Vancomycin and Linezolid were found to be the most
effective against gram-positive bacteria.