European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Pregnancy complications, including anaemia, eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders, antepartum and intrapartum haemorrhage, abnormal fetal position, breech presentation and obstructed labour significantly increase the odds of stillbirth. Present study was aimed to study prevalence & causes of stillbirths at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was retrospective, case record-based study, conducted in cases of intrauterine death which were diagnosed during the antenatal period as well as intrapartum deaths. Results: During study period, among total 4279 birth, 98 stillbirths were observed, prevalence of stillbirth was 22.9 per 1000 total births. In majority of cases, 21-30 years age group (91.08 %), gravida ≤ 2 (71.43 %) & preterm (80.61 %). Majority required induction of labour (67.35 %), delivered vaginally (88.78 %). Majority of stillbirth neonates were male (56.57 %), had birth weight less than 2.5 kg (81.82 %). Common risk factors noted were hemoglobin less than 9 gm % (50 %), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (41.84 %) (pre- eclampsia - 31.63 %, gestational HTN 7.14 % & eclampsia 3.06 %), hypothyroidism (15.31 %), antepartum hemorrhage (11.22 %), history of infertility (10.2 %), history of febrile illness in last 7 days (5.1 %), overt diabetes mellites (4.08 %), GDM (3.06 %), jaundice (3.06 %), Rh incompatibility (1.02 %) & multiple pregnancy (1.02 %). Common noticeable causes of stillbirth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (23.47 %), antepartum hemorrhage (11.22 %), multifactorial genetic cause (11.22 %), overt diabetes mellites (3.06 %), infections (3.06 %), GDM (2.04 %) & jaundice (2.04 %). Among majority of cases, causes of stillbirth were unknown (43.88 %). Conclusion: Common causes of stillbirth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum hemorrhage, multifactorial genetic cause, overt diabetes mellites & infections

Pregnancy complications, including anaemia, eclampsia and other hypertensive disorders, antepartum and intrapartum haemorrhage, abnormal fetal position, breech presentation and obstructed labour significantly increase the odds of stillbirth. Present study was aimed to study prevalence & causes of stillbirths at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was retrospective, case record-based study, conducted in cases of intrauterine death which were diagnosed during the antenatal period as well as intrapartum deaths. Results: During study period, among total 4279 birth, 98 stillbirths were observed, prevalence of stillbirth was 22.9 per 1000 total births. In majority of cases, 21-30 years age group (91.08 %), gravida ≤ 2 (71.43 %) & preterm (80.61 %). Majority required induction of labour (67.35 %), delivered vaginally (88.78 %). Majority of stillbirth neonates were male (56.57 %), had birth weight less than 2.5 kg (81.82 %). Common risk factors noted were hemoglobin less than 9 gm % (50 %), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (41.84 %) (pre- eclampsia - 31.63 %, gestational HTN 7.14 % & eclampsia 3.06 %), hypothyroidism (15.31 %), antepartum hemorrhage (11.22 %), history of infertility (10.2 %), history of febrile illness in last 7 days (5.1 %), overt diabetes mellites (4.08 %), GDM (3.06 %), jaundice (3.06 %), Rh incompatibility (1.02 %) & multiple pregnancy (1.02 %). Common noticeable causes of stillbirth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (23.47 %), antepartum hemorrhage (11.22 %), multifactorial genetic cause (11.22 %), overt diabetes mellites (3.06 %), infections (3.06 %), GDM (2.04 %) & jaundice (2.04 %). Among majority of cases, causes of stillbirth were unknown (43.88 %). Conclusion: Common causes of stillbirth were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum hemorrhage, multifactorial genetic cause, overt diabetes mellites & infections.

Background:Antepartum hemorrhage is defined as bleeding from the vagina after 24 weeks. The present study was assess maternal and fetal outcome in patients with antepartum hemorrhage.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 cases of antepartum hemorrhage. In all cases, maternal and fetal outcome was recorded.
Results: Common type of APH was abruptio placentae seen in 58, placenta Praevia in 20 and undetermined in 12 patients. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Birth weight <2500 grams was seen in 30, 11 and 7. Fetal presentation was breech in 32, 12 and 6. IN maximum cases cause of death was sepsis seen in 3, 1 and 1. There were 51 live birth, 19 and 10 in AP, PP and undetermined respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). 50 cases, 12 and 10 cases had emergency C/S. Most common complication in AP was anemia seen in 7 in AP, 5 in PP and 4 in undetermined. Maternal death was seen 4 in AP, 2 in PP and 1 in undetermined type. 20 patients in AP, 10 in PP and 6 in undetermined need blood transfusion. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Common reason of APH was abruptio placentae, placental previa and undetermined. Most common cause of death was sepsis in all type of APH.

Vaginal bleeding in pregnancy is a common presentation in emergency obstetric care facilities. The acuity of the symptoms may vary from occasional spotting to severe hemorrhage associated with cramping and abdominal pain.100 patients with bleeding per vagina in pregnancy underwent ultrasound examination of the abdomen and pelvis conducted using curvilinear transducer of 3.5-5 MHz and transvaginal transducer of 5-9 MHz. The patients progress was followed up clinically and sonographically, when necessary. Of the 100 patients, maximum patients presenting with per vaginal bleeding were those of abortions (44%), with it being the commonest cause of bleeding in the first trimester (87.5%). The other condition encountered in the first trimester was ectopic pregnancy (12.5%), in which ultrasonography could detect the cases with an accuracy of 100%. The most common cause of bleeding in the second trimester was also abortion (44.4%) followed by placenta previa (33.3%). The type of placenta previa frequently encountered in this study was low lying placenta previa. Other causes included molar pregnancies and placental abruptions. In the third trimester, placental abruption was diagnosed in most of the cases (59.38%) with only 21.7% cases of abruption placenta cases showing favourable outcome. Ultrasonography should be the primary modality of investigation to determine the cause of bleeding in a case of antepartum hemorrhage