European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Aims and objectives:  The present study was conducted to study the correlation between urinary β2 microglobulin and albumin creatinine ratio in diabetic patients, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic retinopathy.
Materials and Methods: All patients admitted (in-patient) with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus under the department of General Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 was included in the study. About 6.0 ml venous blood from each study subject was collected into a plane test tube following standard procedure. Tube was labeled with the patient’s identification number and kept in a vertical position at room temperature (22˚C - 24˚C) for 30 minutes. Then blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm/minutes in room temperature (22˚C - 24˚C) for 15 minutes. Serum was separated by micro-pipette and collected to appendrope, then preserved at −20˚C until further analysis.
The random plasma glucose was assessed by automated biochemistry analyzer on the principle of photometric technique, serum creatinine was measured by kinetic method and serum β2 microglobulin was assessed by ELISA method.
Results: Association between diabetic groups with urinary β2 microglobulin, creatinine and albumin creatinine ratio were showed statistically significant results. HBA1C showed positive correlation with creatinine, urinary β2 microglobulin and albumin creatinine ratio among all four groups.
Conclusion:  Urinary β2 microglobulin, creatinine and Albumin creatinine ratio were showed any significant relationship with diabetic groups.

Heart rate variability (HRV) as a measurement of autonomic function assumes great clinical
importance. It is well known that particular patterns of body fat distribution increase coronary
heart disease risk both in adults & children. While frank obesity is associated with reduced
HRV, indicative of poorer autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, the association
between body mass index (BMI) and HRV is less clear. The dynamic autonomic responses
during exercise can be measured to give actionable information for training by analysis of the
ECG to determine heart rate variability. While application of HRV has been applied to
predict sudden cardiac death and diabetic neuropathy in assessing disease progression. The
study revealed the changes in HRV in resting condition and also after a single bout of sub
maximal treadmill exercise (50% of VO2 max.) among males and females in the age group of
17-25 years at rest and the correlations between the HRV parameters at rest and after the
exercise with BMI and WHR in the subjects. An observational cross sectional study was
conducted in the Physiology Department of R.G. Kar Medical College, Kolkata, India on 60
subjects (n=60) of both sexes (30 males and 30 females) in the 17-25 years age, participated
in this study. Their WHR and BMI were measured and HRV was recorded during rest and
immediately after exercise by digital Polyrite. Result showed that the HRV of male were
more than in female in resting condition. After submaximal exercise the HRV value of males
were more than their respective resting HRV values though it was not significant and in the
females, post-exercise HRV was significantly more than their respective resting HRV. This
study shows that females have higher parasympathetic activity than males. There is an
association between WHR and BMI and HRV in healthy female persons, which shows that
there is an increase in LF/HF(low frequency & high frequency) of values among males and
females after a single bout of sub-maximal exercise though not significant in case of males
but significant in case of females.