European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Advancements in the Internet of things (IoT) enable us to monitor and maintain a variety of devices in various sectors. Based on the literature available, we have found that there are umpteen IoT based methods proposed for plant health care involving hardware interfacing like sensors, micro-controllers, and cameras. The existing solutions also make use of mobile applications, webservers, data-base for processing of information. This paper presents a novel and simple costeffective Bayesian theorem based plant-health-care using sensors interfaced with raspberry pi. Our solution also provides users to watch and water the plant remotely, using a smart-phone via webserver. We have considered rose plant’s favourable environmental factors for maintaining its health.

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health challenges, which has caused global concern due to their magnitude and high social cost. Industry 4.0 will significantly bring in IoT in the healthcare sector in an age of great growth in connected devices (up to 100 billion by 2030). The COVID-19 pandemic further accentuates the importance of using IoT in healthcare settings for both the providers and NCD patients due to controlled movements and enforced self-isolation throughout the world including Malaysia. In this regard, the improvement of “connected devices” has had a remarkable effect upon the entire healthcare sector and has been noticeably appreciated in “remote clinical monitoring”, “chronic disease management”, “preventive care”, and “assisted living” for senior NCD patients. This study intends to interpret the significance of IoT in connection with wearable technologies and digital healthcare. The study discusses several benefits of IoT like reducing cost, rising profits for the healthcare service providers in Malaysia, a higher level of success and productivity, and precision of “health monitoring and treatment systems”. The insights of this study will help the elderly NCD patients’ community and healthcare providers to recognise the significance of IoT Enabled Health Monitoring and Assistive Systems due to their significant contribution to improving healthcare in the country in the long run.

Large-scale Internet of Things deployments demand long-range wireless communications, especially in urban and metropolitan areas. LoRa is one of the most promising technologies in this context due to its simplicity and flexibility. Indeed, deploying LoRa networks in dense Internet of Things scenarios must achieve two main goals i.e., efficient communications among many devices and resilience against dynamic channel conditions due to demanding environmental settings like the presence of many buildings. The project work investigates adaptive mechanisms to configure the communication parameters of LoRa networks in dense IoT scenarios and developed an open-source framework for end-to-end LoRa simulations. We then implement and evaluate LoRa to dynamically manage link parameters for scalable and efficient network operations. Our proposed solution significantly increases both the reliability and the energy efficiency of communications over a channel, almost irrespective of the network size. To show that the delivery ratio of very dense networks can be further improved by using a network-aware approach, wherein the link parameters are configured based on the global knowledge of the network.

The idea behind this project is to construct the web based Prepaid Energy Meter with theft control, which eliminate manual meter reading so that the bills can be paid in advance by which the consumers can plan their electricity bill well in advance. In this system anyone can recharge their electricity need, like our mobile phones. This proposed system helps the users with the real time information about the peak loads (max energy consumption), energy theft, effective usage of power consumption, billing status etc. This automated system is built by using Arduino controller, different sensors & IoT. It continuously reads the energy meter readings and the real time information is available to the user with IoT. Whenever the energy consumption reaches its limit, the power supply connection will be disconnected and alert information is given to the consumer during minimum balance and null balance. Power theft information is given to both user and electricity board; hence it is helpful to identify the exact power theft location. To avoid unnecessary usage of power consumption, load based automatic switch system is used which can built up home automation system. This energy saving system replaces the conventional meter reading and offers the consumers with user friendly access to energy meter from remote location.

Infant care is an important challenge facing parents today. Recognizing a menace at its initial point would be the finest way of preventing any dangers it may cause. The child being examined is not always in the career’s vicinity. This led directly to various remote baby control services designing and deploying them. This paper explores the advantages and drawbacks of the various control systems built and currently on the market. This article introduces a modern approach to monitor children and infants. The monitor calculates the precise location of the subject in the crib and shows the three separate behaviours, warning that a risky position or action has been detected. These alerts are shown on a computer screen, and on a mobile phone. The device needs a computer that is operated over a display panel or mobile phone using the microcontroller. There is also discussion of the area for future studies on this subject.

Most of the time, in hospitals, to improve the body's hydration, Intravenous
Therapy (IV) is given. During the therapy, the bottle's liquid level needs to be monitored
continuously. The bottle needs to be changed immediately, once it got empty, to prevent the
blood's reverse flow through the intravenous tube. Any lack of monitoring or continuous
assessment of the liquid level and the delay in refilling the bottle may cause adverse effects.
To minimize the risk factor of the treatment and reduce the workload of the nurse/hospital
staff, an IoT – Based Liquid Level Monitoring System has been developed. This system
measures the liquid level continuously using a load cell sensor. Whenever the fluid level
drops down below a threshold point, an instant alert is made to the concerned nurse/staff
using Arduino. Thus this system becomes useful for nurses and patients during day time as
well as night-time.

Association rule data mining provides to integrate large volume of dataset and extract information for making effective decisions. The extracting useful information is found large number of disjoint dataset with multiple cloud federations. Cloud federation is a collection of shared data and hosted from multiple cloud user environment. In this case the organizations are sharing data and adopt changing environments. The privacy preserving is an important factor and allows the organization to control the cloud environments while accessing the data. In the paper, we use association rule mining in federated cloud environment using spark model for preserving privacy. In this framework set of user can allows to access the private dataset and encrypt the dataset for providing privacy. In our proposed model we consider confidentiality, privacy and integrity major factors. We propose privacy preserving identity access mode with attribute based access control mechanism in cloud environment. The user can get access from set of policies granted by cloud environment. The spark model is used for testing the experiments and compares the results with existing methods.

Nowadays robots are incorporated in the job which are often difficult for humans and these robots can be used as an effective alternative for humans.Mobile robots have become a significant topic in the security field Several techniques have been introduced to work with mobile robots and security. Most of these methods are not capable of working in low visibility environments and need to be manually controlled by a person all the time. In this smart security system, a mobile robot acts as an e-patrol in both light and dark environments. The design and implementation of mobile robots consist of three subsystems: The obstacle avoidance,image capturing and alarm indication for theft prevention.By means of which bot can be deployed for surveillance in a defined path with specific intervals.

India is a cultivated country and about 70% of the population depends on agriculture.
Farmers have large range of diversity for selecting various suitable crops and finding the suitable
pesticides for plant. IOT is a revolutionary technology that represents the future of computing and
communications. Sensor technology has also been advanced and many types of sensors like
environmental sensors are developed and used in applications as per the need. Smart Agriculture is
an approach for design of Internet of Things based Plant Monitoring system, Green Agriculture
Farming. Smart Agriculture traceability system in agricultural IOT. In addition, it discusses the
application in the processes of planting, logistics, and consumer. Then some existing problems can
be analyzed. Finally, this is automatic plant monitoring system and controlling over production
yield in system has recently attracted tremendous interest due to the potential application in
emerging technology

In over Country day to day we are using in every house LPG cylinder Plays very important role and its cost is also pays an important for every middle class family so we need have a control on it like weight of cylinder and lick of the any gas from the cylinder as now days max in all family all the members are working people only so to provide security to LPG cylinder if we have any gas licking finder it will help everyone at home to take action to overcome this problem in exiting system, in our paper in the proposed system we fixed a weight sensor for monitoring of weight of LPG cylinder time to time using a weight sensor, any type of Gas lick using gas sensor MQ-2, we will provide any android app to end user so that he will have live monitoring of LPG Gas Level, temperature and humidity sensor GAS lice and SMS notification like gas level, gas status.

The agriculture plays a prevailing job in the development of the nation's economy. Atmosphere and other natural changes has become a significant danger in the agribusiness field. AI is a fundamental methodology for accomplishing viable and viable answers for this issue. Harvest Prediction includes anticipating the best output from accessible authentic information like climate parameters and soil parameters. This recommender system uses real time data as input to the machine learning. The sensors collect data from the soil and send that data to the cloud (firebase). Then the machine learning model retrieves that data and predicts the best crop and sends that crop to the cloud. We develop an android application which retrieves the sensor values from the cloud and displays them. This forecasting facilitates the farmer to forecast the best crop earlier than cultivating onto the agriculture field, which in turn increases the productivity.

Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) are one of the major health challenges, which has caused global concern due to their magnitude and high social cost. Industry 4.0 will significantly bring in IoT in the healthcare sector in an age of great growth in connected devices (up to 100 billion by 2030). The COVID-19 pandemic further accentuates the importance of using IoT in healthcare settings for both the providers and NCD patients due to controlled movements and enforced self-isolation throughout the world including Malaysia. In this regard, the improvement of “connected devices” has had a remarkable effect upon the entire healthcare sector and has been noticeably appreciated in “remote clinical monitoring”, “chronic disease management”, “preventive care”, and “assisted living” for senior NCD patients. This study intends to interpret the significance of IoT in connection with wearable technologies and digital healthcare. The study discusses several benefits of IoT like reducing cost, rising profits for the healthcare service providers in Malaysia, a higher level of success and productivity, and precision of “health monitoring and treatment systems”. The insights of this study will help the elderly NCD patients’ community and healthcare providers to recognise the significance of IoT Enabled Health Monitoring and Assistive Systems due to their significant contribution to improving healthcare in the country in the long run.

Dissemination of handheld systems, binary technologies and branch of communication suppliers and organization structure greatly assists on modes of medium and activities among members everywhere the globe. This Revolution in modes of medium could provide a good chance for those that use supportive systems because of some sorts of incapacity, but it had become a binary severe barrier at an equivalent space-time. Supportive systems provides individuals with dysfunctions is a action gadget to boost their involvement, incorporation, and self-rule, in particular for individuals with dysfunctions that involve additional senses, such as deaf-dumb, that is that the combination of dumb and deaf. Sign Language has become a medium of communication with dumb persons. Gesture dialect are employed by dysfunctions individuals to speak among them however those Gesture dialect vary from country to country as yank signing, Britain signing, Chinese signing etc. The proposed system has supported Indian gesture languages. The challenge here involves many cases:
(i) initial case could be a handicapped person sometimes
doesn’t speak so as a deaf man to listen to him/her;
(ii) second case is once a deaf man speaks another deaf
person cannot hear;
(iii)third case is once a dumb person makes signing a
deaf man cannot understand them.
Thus, this paper presents a study on multi-modal interfaces, problems and issues for establishing communication and interaction between dumb and deaf persons through sign languages and hand gestures using IOT.

Video surveillance is an important tool to enhance public safety and privacy protection. It is used to
analyze video content and to monitor the activity required to effectively transmit and store surveillance video
data. Video compression techniques can be used to reduce or resize video. A less sophisticated encoding method
based on the Weiner-Civ coding principle can be used for surveillance video compression, and the backwardchannel-
aware Weiner-Civ video coding approach is applied to improve coding efficiency. Encoder Motion
vectors obtained from the decoder are sent back to the encoder via the feedback channel for object detection and
event analysis. Encoder and decoder use different motion vectors in motion compensation for the same frame.
Rebuilt frames on the encoder and decoder therefore lose synchronization, which causes a drift problem and
propagates to the rest of the range. To address the reliability of credible broadcasts, an error replacement plan
has been proposed for BCAWZ for reliable transmission on the back-channel, which is essential for direct and
reliable object identification, event analysis and video data quality. Watermarking is also applied to securely
transmit surveillance video stream.

Accident count is increasing day by day. Fog is one of the main causes of accidents, especially in hilly regions. As fog density increases, visibility of the road gets decreased. The drivers will not be able to see the road or any obstacle that is present. Unfortunately, few people do not slow down their vehicle even in the worst fog environment. So we are proposing a system that detects a foggy environment and reduces the acceleration of the vehicle, to avoid accidents. In the proposed system, a sensor that is directly connected to Arduino Uno is used to automatically calculate the values of temperature and relative humidity from the atmosphere. Based upon the values of dew point, the speed of the vehicle is controlled. If the Dew value is less than 2.5°C it indicates the presence of fog. Depending upon the Dew Value the complete control takes place. Also, from Arduino the data is sent to cloud through IOT module and from there we can access in App.

The routine in taking medicine or any health supplement pills has become a common situation within the society. Due to the hectic daily activities, people are easily forgot the right time and what medicine to take. This paper presents an original and secured medicine product prototype based on IoT, and the proposed system is designed to help such user to take the essential medicine in the right ratio at the right moment with the support of smart devices as medicine dispenser and its applications. Meanwhile, this proposed IoT application allows users to keep track of the relevant statistics that will be connected to the Internet and protects the privacy of the user data in transit with its system. It is inbuilt with a NodeMCU for alerting the user to take medicine by buzzer and notification and connected to the Blynk software for setting the reminder and storing the data logger.

Automatic bus tracking is an important approach to modern intelligent transportation systems (ITS). The aim of the project is to recognize the bus which passes through the gate by automatically using RFID. Generally the bus is tracked in the gate during the entry and exit. The system detected the bus entry using RFID then sends the bus entry to the cloud [Internet of Things] via Wi-Fi to the database. It tracks each and every bus enters and exits in the gate and display reports with date and time of bus entries and exit in online (webpage).

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a powerful technology that can enable users’ smart devices and sensors to link each other and access the internet for daily usage. It is a platform that can be used by end users to access many smart application fields, such as smart city, smart home, and smart healthcare. In recent years, the healthcare monitoring systems are becoming the major development field that use the IoT as advanced technology enabler. This review is discussing more about the design, functions, and the main uses of the IoT-based healthcare monitoring applications and systems for remote patient environments. Therefore, a deep review has been made to identify the usage, efficiency, and acceptability for the current applications and systems to become more efficient to patients. Different healthcare monitoring systems have employed the IoT to integrate the different wireless interfaces with the cloud-based healthcare services. These services are including the sensing, gathering, processing, storing, and learning more among the patients’ data. The various IoT healthcare applications will help to develop useful and effective solutions by using these systems in practice. From this review it can be proof that the IoT-based healthcare monitoring applications are growing faster to build more healthcare solutions that useful for different healthcare conditions and environments.        

Vaccines are very crucial for treating preventable diseases, but its need a constant environment like maintenance of temperature. Currently it is a barrier in healthcare scenario. In this paper, work is focused on the designing of the cold box which is capable to maintain a temperature range from 20-80 C constantly using Peltier-based thermoelectric chip, specific structural design obtain through calculation and IoT based solutions. Another crucial characteristic of this instrument is that it delivers an optimal power usage forecast to keep the ideal vaccine storage in precise temperature range in presence of limited power supply from environment. Due to a collective action of the phase change material and thermoelectric device, the temperature inside the box is will be maintained. The details of the location and the temperature settings will be accessible and visible on the Blink Application. This box is an efficient carrier as it will aid in tracing, automated settings, consistent temperature, carrying and packaging which will be an alternative to the currently available techniques in practice.

Data services provided by many public clouds - files, queues, tables - high performance,
streaming friendly cardio services not yet included. Considering the data constantly coming in from the 1.4
million smart meters in homes, there is an urgent need to constantly analyze it to identify the maximum
power consumption that is coming in the smart power grid and to inform the utility to respond by
increasing or decreasing the additional power sources. Load. Measures to reduce demand. The IoT
Workflow Framework, which supports this data model variation, including streaming data, structured
archives and files, currently lacks the ability to perform reliable and measurable work on elastic computing
platforms such as the cloud. In this paper, we address this by proposing a scientific workflow framework
that supports the various data models required for these emerging scientific applications and assesses its
performance and reliability on desktop and cloud platforms.

Identifying a site-based road in a structured environment is a challenging issue because there are no clear and unchanging features that can describe a road or boundary in a structured environment. The edges, boundaries, paths and tire tracks left on the road merge into a single point called the vanishing point. It is important to measure the invisible point for the Autonomous Navigation System (ANS) in structured and structured environments. The Optimal Local Dominance Orientation Method (OLDOM) is used based on image format analysis to quickly calculate the invisible area in structured environments. The combined action of the four Gabor energy responses is used independently to find the local dominant trend. The resulting vector is the correct local dominance trend. A positive distance-based voting scheme is used to determine the location of the disappearance. This approach indicates that each dominant trend will give more votes than the points closest to its beam. The invisible point where the pixel that eventually gets the most votes counts.

The high potential impact on people and the way of interaction with things makes IOT as
anmost widely accepted technology. The IOT technology implements the human imagination
into reality. The usage of IOT products not only attracts the individual but manybusiness
enterprisesis coming forward to implement IOT technology.In earlier days only computers has
been connected to internet and data was transferred from one computer to another. Then laptops
and smart phones are connected for easy communication. In next evolution people are being
connected to each other through internet. Now a days internet are being connected to each and
every things like Consumer products, durable goods, cars and trucks, industrial and utility
components, sensors and other everyday objects. IOT is being considered to be third wave which
connects devices, people environment, virtual objects and machines. The internet connectivity to
these objects are connected to powerful data analytic capabilities which is capable of
transforming the collected data and store for future use. Simply IOT devices will change the way
in which people work and live in the future. In order to maintain the business process IOT are
even used in the companies. This IOT will helps in bringing changes in interaction of business,
government and consumer with the physical world. The main objective of this paper is to reveal
the application of IoT’s in various industries. Further in addition to that the article also discusses
about the benefits of this emerging technology with its limitations

The IOT based Weather Monitoring and Reporting System venture is utilized to get Live detailing of climate conditions. It will monitor temperature, moistness, dampness smoke, and light and downpour level. Assume Scientists/nature investigators need to screen changes in a specific situation like a downpour backwoods. Also, these individuals are from better places anywhere. In the proposed article we monitoring the weather monitor and alerting using different sensors for easy access of the data. Here we proposed LM35,Smoke, humidity, light, soil moisture sensors are measure the temperature, humidity, soil moisture sensor, light status and smoke for smart weather and all the data will post into server using internet of things.