European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Alcohol Use Disorder is quite prevalent in general population. Sexual dysfunction in alcoholics is unrecognized and not reported by patients. Moreover sexual dysfunction can lead to stress which can further increase the consumption of alcohol and it can lead to poor quality of life.
Objectives: To study the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and quality of life among male patients of Alcohol Use Disorder
Methods: This was an observational, cross sectional, single-centered, interview based study of total 100 consecutive male patients aged 20-50 years admitted in psychiatry ward & coming to psychiatry OPD of Sir.T.Hospital, Bhavnagar. Interview was taken for diagnosis of Alcohol Use Disorder using DSM- 5(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5) Criteria. Every patient was assessed by proforma containing demographic details, questionnaires of SAD-Q (Severity of Alcohol Dependance), CSFQ-M-C ( Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire – Male Clinical Version ) & WHOQOL BREF(World Health Organization Quality Of Life). Statistical analysis was done with graph pad in stat version 3.06(San Diego, California US). Proportion of participant was compared by using chi-square test, while scores of CSFQ-M-C, SAD-Q, WHOQOL BREF were compared by using Mann Whitney test. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Frequency of sexual dysfunction among male patients of alcohol use disorder was 70%. Among the domains of sexual dysfunction; the highest frequency was seen for dysfunction in desire/frequency (84%), followed by premature ejaculation (82%), problems in pleasure (80%), difficulty in erection (68%) & least was decrease in libido (64%). Sexual dysfunction was not dependent on the amount( p value=0.1916), duration(p value=0.7038) & severity of alcohol dependence (p value=0.128). The quality of life was poor among patients with alcohol use disorder & it was dependent on severity of alcohol dependence ( p value= 0.0009, 0.0014, 0.0014, 0.0007)
Conclusion: Sexual Dysfunction had no correlation with the amount, duration of alcohol intake & severity of alcohol dependence. Patients with alcohol dependance had poor quality of life & it was related with severity of alcohol depandance.

Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the population's psychological and social well-being. This study was initiated to ascertain the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 recovery such as depression, anxiety, and bereavement, as well as to assist in ascertaining the psychosocial repercussions of the pandemic. Long periods of isolation can be costly on the economy, hence impact of the disease on quality of life in people who have recovered from Covid-19 was assessed.
Methods and Material:Across-sectional study conducted on patients who have recovered from Covid 19 and were visiting a tertiary health care center. Patients consenting for study were interviewed based on the ICD-10 criteria for depression and anxiety. DASS and WHO-QOL questionnaires were used to measure the severity of depressive, anxiety symptoms and quality of life. The data was analysed using SPSS (statistical packages for social sciences) version 20.0 software.
Results: Female population was 36% and male population was 64%. Oxygen support was required by 83% of the subjects. In the participants the severity of depression, anxiety and stress were recorded. There was total 48, 45 and 38 patients who reported to have depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. ICU admission was required by 40% of them. The association of oxygen support, with depression and stress was significant, with higher number of patients requiring oxygen support. While there was no association of anxiety and oxygen support.
Conclusions: Pandemic has had significant psychological sequalae on the participants, not only while they were infected but also chronically in terms of their quality of life.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lifestyle of all people. This study was conducted to study the impact of the COVID 19 pandemic on the quality of life among the general population in the rural area of Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Community based Cross-sectional study done after the second wave of COVID 19 pandemic in India, included 424 participants from the rural health training center’s field practicing area of a tertiary care private hospital in Chgengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected through house to house survey using the WHO-BREF questionnaire which assessed the quality of life including physical health, Mental health, Social relationship and Environmental domains. Along with it, socio-demographic details of the participants were also obtained. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.
RESULTS: The Quality of life of the people is better with 52.4% of participant’s scores falling above the mean score of 253.59(+/- 57.81). 59.2% of the participants showed better physical health with a mean score above 68.21(+/- 21.7). 51.9% and 54.0 % of the participants had good mental health and social relationship respectively. 52.6% of the participants enjoyed a good physical environment during the pandemic with a mean score of 65.56(+/-16.9). There is a strong association between quality of life and socio-demographic factors like age (p = 0.00); Gender (p = 0.003); Marital status (p = 0.024); Education (p = 0.000 ); Socio-economic status during the pandemic (p = 0.000) and Occupation (p = 0.000 ), which was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION: Despite the pandemic 52.4% of the participants had a better quality of life. This may be due to subsidies and free rations from the government to the people. Also, people in the productive age group with better education and occupation had a good quality of life. This implies that, the government’s plan should focus on  better education to the children and improvement of employment opportunities

The impact of oral diseases on the quality of life is well documented in literature. Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a multidimensional idea which can be defined as a person’s assessment of how oral health affects quality of life related to oral functioning, psychological well-being, social well-being as well as pain / discomfort. Auto-rickshaw drivers are a ubiquitous and unique community of people with long and often irregular work hours. Even though there are lot of studies evaluating the oral health status, oral hygiene practices, oral habits etc of auto-rickshaw drivers in India, studies on OHRQoL are rare
Objectives
To evaluate the Oral Health Quality of Life of auto-rickshaw drivers in Kanchipuram, India and thereby assess the treatment needs and form a baseline value for further evaluations.
Materials and Methods
Descriptive cross sectional study was done using the short form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire comprising of 14 closed ended questions and the 3 basic demographic data were administered to the auto-rickshaw drivers
Results
The mean age of the participants was 40.86 years. The mean OHIP-14 score in this study was 18.5 out of a maximum possible score of 56. OHIP-14 score increases with age.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that the auto rickshaw drivers have oral health issues that increase with age affecting their quality of life that need comprehensive oral and general examination to assess the full extent of the oral health status and treatment needs

The dynamics of different treatment methods with different treatment methods was assessed in 120 patients with pollen sensitization. The indicators of the quality of life of patients improved with the use of both specific and non-specific methods of treatment (p <0.05). The best results were obtained with the use of allergen-specific immunotherapy, autoserotherapy (p <0.001).

Beta thalassemia pose a significant health burden in India. The average prevalence of its carriers is 3–4% which translates to 35 to 45 million carriers in our multi-ethnic, culturally, and linguistically diverse population of 1.21 billion people according to the Census of India 2011. Quality of life (QOL) assessments are important and are frequently required when evaluating health outcomes.¹
Aims: To assess the socio-demographic profile and the factors affecting quality of life in thalassemia major patients.
 Material and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study. This study was conducted from 1^st April 2021 to 31^st March 2022 at Rajindra Hospital, Patiala. 113 participants were included for study. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) 4.0 Generic Core Scale was employed for measuring quality of life.
Results: 31(27.4%) participants were 5-7 years of age, 35 (31.0%) participants were 8-12 years of age, and 47 (41.6%) participants were 13-18 years of age. QOL scores in different domains of PedsQL scale classified by age groups was found to be statistically significant amongst both child self-report and parent proxy- report.  
Conclusion: Evidence continues to accumulate on the importance of HRQOL in all aspects of patient care. QOL scores in different domains of PedsQL scale classified by age groups was found to be statistically significant amongst both child self-report and parent proxy- report. QOL scores in different domains of PedsQL scale classified by age at diagnosis was not found to be statistically significant amongst both child self -report and parent proxy- report except for mean school functioning domain in parent -proxy report where it was found to be statistically significant (p=0.041).

Present research intends to evaluate the impact of post-acne scars on quality of life.
Methods: The Prospective correlation cross-sectional study was effected out after enrolling 100 cases of post-acne scars aged 16 years or more in an institution based tertiary health care center. The quality of life of the patients was evaluated using the Dermatological Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire and the acne scar severity was evaluated using the Goodman and Baron Quantitative grading scale. Institutional Ethics Committee clearance was obtained before the start of the study.
Results: The result showed that maximum patients, 62 %, were in the second decade, followed by 21 % patients who were in the 31 – 40 years age group. The gender-wise distribution showed that females contributed majority of the cases (51 %) and males contributed 49 % of the total cases.  Only 30% of the patients had prior family history of post-acne scars. The mean age of onset of acne was 18.11 years whereas that of onset for post-acne scar was 21.43 years. The maximum DLQI score was 14 and mean DLQI score for acne scarring was 5.31. We found that, higher the grade of scarring more was the mean DLQI score. We found a positive correlation between DLQI and the post-acne scar severity total score and this was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Acne and acne scarring are influenced by non-dermatological aspects like perceptions, personality, age, social and cultural circumstances as well as disease characteristics such as onset, duration and severity. Assessing QOL first at baseline offers valuable insight into patient’s perspectives. Our research demonstrated that post-acne scars significantly diminish the quality of life in young adults. The study’s findings also suggest that the quality of life worsens with increased severity of scarring. Therefore, individuals with acne should be treated promptly and effectively, to avoid acne scarring or to reduce its severity.

Studies have correlated the results from treating femoral neck fractures with the surgical    technique used, the type of prosthesis used or with the radiological outcomes. However, little   has been defined about quality of life after hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients.
Purposive sampling method was adopted and Pre-injury and Post-operative Observational analysis was done after hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients in relation to physical, psychological, social relationships and environment domains of quality of life. After Exclusion of neurologically ill and grievous comorbid individuals 100 patients with an average age of 70.8 years who underwent hemiarthroplasty in a tertiary care hospital were studied. Patients with Mini Mental Status Examination score more than 24 inferring good cognitive function were only included. Health related quality of life was rated by the WHOQOL-BREF applied before surgery and 6 months after surgery.
The comparison of pre-injury and post-surgery ambulation showed that 30% of them used a walker for ambulation due to fear of fall. WHO Quality of Life BREF score assessment showed that elderly patients didn’t return to their previous pre-surgery quality of life status, where psychological domain being the most affected followed by environmental and social domains. Results showed the need for improvisation of various aspects of post-operative care like designated rehabilitation protocols, fall clinics, psychotherapy, geriatric care for associated comorbidities with implementation of comprehensive speciality care approach apart from good surgical and implant outcome.

Introduction: The main goals of treatment for patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are to increase survival and relieve symptoms. Quality of life measurement deteriorates quickly after diagnosis. Professionals in the fields of health and social services are placing an increasing emphasis on maintaining and enhancing patients' quality of life as an important outcome or objective
Material and Methods:  This was a non-experimental, quantitative, survey based research conducted among Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients and totally 60 samples was selected by Simple Random technique. The samples included in this study were who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Ethical permission was obtained before the data collection. After obtaining permission from the setting, the samples were asked their willingness to participate in the study and informed consent was obtained.  Socio-demographic data such as age, gender, marital status was collected and Quality of life was assessed by using the structured questionnaire.
Results: Results shows 8 (13.4%) samples were having low quality of life, 43 (71.6%) samples were having moderate quality of life and 9(15%) were having high quality of life.
Conclusions: study concluded that patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome had relatively average and low level of Quality of life and there was no any significant association found with demographic variables. 

Background: Health RelatedQuality of life (HRQoL) describes an individual’s subjective perception of their position in life as evidenced by their physical, psychological, and social functioning. HRQoL has become an increasingly important measure of outcome in child mental health clinical work and research. In adolescence, there are increased environmental demands and it is important to identify factors that may impair psychosocial function and self-worth in the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. Sleep disorders, including insomnia, in adolescents with ADHD is well established and is shown to impair academic performance and self-esteem. This study aims to evaluate Quality of life, Self Esteem and quality of sleep and its corelation in adolescents with ADHD.
Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 200 adolescents ranging from 12 to 18 years as per DSM V diagnosed as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patients were divided in two groups i.e., in group I: 100 patients diagnosed with ADHD and in group II 100 healthy adolescents were included.

Background of the study: COPD is predicted to be the most common cause of death globally including India by 2020. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. Symptoms include breathing difficulty, cough, mucus (sputum) production and wheezing. It's caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, most often from cigarette smoke. People with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions.Aim and objectives: The aim of the study is to assess the effectiveness of self- management education on Quality Of Life (QOL) in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), at selected hospital, Karad. Methods: Research design adopted for the study is quasi experimental nonequivalent control group design. Non probability purposive sampling technique is used to select the 60 COPD patients for experimental and control group. Quality Of Life (QOL) assessed through modified St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire and Self-management education was conducted as an intervention. After 15 days post test was conducted. Results: The data reveals that there was a significance difference in the mean pre test and post test Quality Of Life scores of COPD patients in all components as well as the total QOL in experimental group whereas there is no improvement in the QOL of COPD patients in control group.   Conclusion: Self management educational interventions was effective in increasing Quality of Life of COPD patients and the study finding that there was a significant difference in the pre test and post test Quality Of Life scores of COPD patients in experimental group regarding self-management education among COPD patient.

Background: BPH is characterised by the non-malignant overgrowth of prostatic tissue surrounding the urethra, ultimately constricting the urethral opening and giving rise to associated LUTS.
Materials & Methods: 86 patients with benign prostate hyperplasia with with LUTS were clinically diagnosed by per rectal digital examination. All underwent transrectal ultrasonography. IPSS score evaluation was done in the first month, the second month, the fourth month, and in the sixth month. The QOL score was calculated and recorded
Results: The mean basal QOL score was 4.6, mean prostate volume was 51.2ml, BMI was 26.2kg/m2, basal IPSS score was 19.4. The mean IPSS at 1 month was 5.8, at 2 months was 4.2, at 4 months was 3.5 and at 6 months was 2.7. The mean QOL at 1 month was 1.8, at 2 months was 1.4, at 4 months was 1.1 and at 6 months was 0.7. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: There was improvement in quality of life in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostate hyperplasia

Background: Geriatric population requiresspecial needs for theirlife support and health care. Understanding their health-seeking behavior, quality of life (QOL), and morbidities is thus essential for reinforcing health-care services delivery for them.
Objective: To assess the health status of geriatric population with special reference to QOL in urban and urban slum population.
Methodology: This community based, comparative, cross-sectional studyincluded 288geriatricindividual of either gender, aged≥60 years, from urban (n=153) and urban slum (n = 135) areas. Data was collected through interview for personnel details, family, social and psychological background as per proforma. Medical examination was carried out at home. The QOL was assessed by using tool comprised of Assessment of Quality of Life(AQoL) instrument (Australian Centre for Quality of Life). Statistical analysis was performed by using R software (Version. 3.6.0).
Results: Majority of individuals from both the area were in the age group of 60-64 years (35.76%) with female preponderance (Male: Female = 1: 1.2). A significant difference was noted in the demographic and social variables, and HR-QoL(Score) between urban and urban slum area (P<0.05). Most individuals in both the area suffered with arthritis. In urban area diabetes and hypertension, and in urban slum area cataract was common morbidity. The mean score for assessment of QOL instrument was higher in case of urban (13.05 ± 7.85) then urban slum area (9.44 ± 7.95). A significant association was observed between HR-QoL (score) and different variables viz. gender, type of family, marital status from urban, and gender, marital status from urban slum area (p <0.05).
Conclusion: Due to lack of awareness and poor living conditions the proportion of morbidities is more among geriatric populationin urban slum. However, high expectations from society and believe in having good living conditions along with high expectations, older people in urban area tend to have more depressed life.

Introduction: Families having children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were the most negatively affected group in terms of depression, anxiety, somatic complaints, burnout and quality of life (QoL). It is known that Therapeutic Recreation Programs have positive effects on depression symptoms and quality of life of individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a one-week therapeutic recreation program on the symptoms of depression and QoL of mothers who have children with ASD.
Method: Fifteen mothers volunteered in this quantitative research, which was performed as a single-group pre-test and post-test experimental design. ASD diagnosed by medical professionals and classified as having moderate or severe ASD according to the Gilliam Autism Rating Scale-2-Turkish Version (GARS-2-TV). Data was collected via Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Parent Edition and Beck Depression Inventory before and after the therapeutic recreation camp at a mountain camping center in 2020.
Results: Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test results revealed that the therapeutic recreation program had a positive effect on the levels of depression and ASD related QoL but did not have a significant effect on the general QoL of mothers.
Conclusion: It can be argued that even a one-week therapeutic recreation program provides a significant improvement in the QoL of mothers and, consequently, a decline in their symptoms of depression.

Introduction: The rate of smoking in people with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder is at least two to three times more that in the general population. They consume more cigarettes per day and are less likely to quit tobacco. In treating schizophrenia and BPAD clinicians often ignore factors that are directly related to QOL and prognosis of disease. The evaluation and management of nicotine dependence in these patients can contribute to improving the outcome, reducing the disability and improving QOL along with decreasing the burden of disease on caregivers.
Aim and Objectives

Comparison of socio-demographic and various clinical variables related to tobacco use among persons with schizophrenia and BPAD.
To compare the impact of tobacco on QOL among persons with schizophrenia and BPAD.

Material and Method: This was a cross sectional study. Purposive sampling was done and total 60 patients were recruited. Various scales were applied and date thus collected was analysed using SPSS ver. 24.
Observation and Discussion: We found there was no significant difference between the two groups with sociodemographic profiles of two groups of patients except for education of patients. The difference of QOL scores was highly significant between tobacco users and non-tobacco users of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Within the bipolar disorder group, tobacco use seemed to affect quality of life significantly in the psychological (p 0.042) and social (p 0.028) domains of WHOQOLBREF. In the schizophrenia group, QOL was significantly affected in the psychological (p 0.026) and environmental (p 0.015) domains.
Conclusion: Tobacco dependence leads to significant differences in quality of life, so it should be addressed along with other psychopathological symptoms

Background: The present study was undertaken for assessing the quality of life in patients with breast cancer before and after diagnosis.
Materials & methods: 200 patients were enrolled for the present study. A complete demographic and clinical detail of all the patients was obtained. At the baseline stage, interview was conducted among all the patients after obtaining their prior consent. This interview was conducted with the aim of gathering data in relation to quality of life. Afterwards, 100 patients that had confirmed histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer were separated and remaining all the patients was excluded. Follow-up of all the patients was done and re-interview of all the patients was again carried out. All the results were recorded and analysed using SPSS software.
Results: At the baseline period, initial treatment was mastectomy in 81 percent of the cases followed by conservative surgery in 9 percent of the patients. Quality of life score showed abrupt phases at different follow-up. Overall, global quality of life score showed improvement from score of 63.3 to 75.8 at 6 months follow-up followed by a significant decline to a value of 39.8.
Conclusion: Breast cancer patients should be followed up for their quality of life and provided effective therapy for their physical and psychological problems.

Background: In the course of any living thing's existence, ageing is a normal and expected component of the process of development. There is very nothing that can be done to slow down the ageing process, as it is a natural part of life. It is not merely a biological phenomenon, but also has psychological and social ramifications for humans.

Introduction: Traumatic Brain injury is defined as an acute injury to the head caused by blunt or penetrating trauma or from acceleration/deceleration forces excluding degenerative, congenital problems. Decompressive craniectomy is being used as an effective measure in the management of TBI with prognosis being measured in terms of Glassgow outcome scale. However, the quality of life of such patients is often not assessed. Quality of life is a long term outcome phenomenon which must be effectively evaluated.
Objectives: To assess the quality of life of the patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy using EQ5D scoring scale.
Materials and Methods: This was an observational study conducted for 1.5 years in a Trauma care centre of Eastern India. The study included 100 study subjects. Informed consent was obtained from every participant and approval to conduct the study was obtained from Institutional ethics Committee.All post trauma patients who survived after decompressive craniectomy were followed up at 6 months post discharge to assess their quality of life using a pre-designed and pre-tested proforma containing information on the clinical profile. Quality of life was analyzed using the EQ5D scoring system at six months of discharge.
Results: The mean  SD age of the study subject was calculated to be 51.5  23.3 years. The commonest mode of injury was road traffic accident seen in 62% study participants. Almost 3/4^th of the study subjects underwent surgery for non-diffuse traumatic brain injury within the first 24 hours of hospital admission. Among the 72 study participants that survived, EQ5D Index score to assess the quality of life was found good/ favorable in 86.1% patients and only 13.9% subjects had a poor/ unfavorable EQ5D Index score.
Conclusion: Majority of survivors after decompressive craniectomy showed a good functional outcome as analyzed by EQ5D. Improving patient selection and optimizing timing of the procedure may lead to favorable long term functional outcome in these very severely brain injured patients.

Aim: To study the impact of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) on patients with
regards to the course of quality of life outcomes.
Materials and Methods: 100 patients aged 18-65 who fulfilled WHO criteria for mild
traumatic brain injury (non-surgically managed) were evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months
post injury data was collected with the help of following questionnaire- The World
Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF for evaluation of quality of life.
Percentage, Friedman Test, Repeated measures ANOVA tests were used. Statistical
analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version
17.0 (IBM SPSS, US) software. Data are reported as means and standard deviations
unless not indicated otherwise. For the study of paired observations Wilcoxon` signedranks-
test was used.
Results: 100 patients who were followed up till six months post trauma. The average age
of the study population in our study was 38.5 years. Males were at a higher risk. The
male to female ratio was 1: 0.26. Road traffic accidents were the major cause of MTBI.
Alcohol consumption has been found to be a major risk factor for the occurrence of
TBI. None of the two-wheeler riders or pillion riders were wearing helmets at the time
of road traffic accident. In our study the data on QOL was assessed by World Health
Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF-Tamil). Our study revealed that
there was statistically significant progressive improvement in all the four domains of
quality of life at 1, 3- and 6-months post trauma. The quality of life in social relationship
and environmental areas reached a score of normal healthy population by 3 months.
The psychological domain became normal between 3 to 6 months post trauma. The
physical health of the study patients continued to improve beyond 6 months post
trauma.
Conclusions: Our study revealed that there was statistically significant progressive
improvement in all the four domains of quality of life at 1, 3- and 6-months post trauma

Background: The various types of post-menopausal symptoms progressively worsen the well-being of
women and affect, consequently, their quality of life (QOL) on a daily basis.
Objectives
1. To determine the prevalence of poor quality of life among post-menopausal women of rural area.
2. To assess the factors responsible for the poor quality of life among post-menopausal women of rural
area.
Methods: A community based cross sectional observational study was carried out among 100
postmenopausal females aged between 40-60 yrs of age. The standardized Menopause-Specific Quality
of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were
used.
Results: Among the study participants, the most common symptoms in the physical domain were
“decrease in physical strength” (88%), “decrease in stamina” (81%) and “feeling tired and worn out”
(81%). Urinary incontinence was seen in 26% of women. In the psychosocial domain, “the feeling of
having the ability to accomplish less than previously” was the predominant one (78%). Among the
symptoms of sexual domain, “decrease in sexual desire” was the most common complaint (67%). Among
vasomotor symptoms, hot flashes were present in only 35% of participants. Those having low physical
activity were exposed to more postmenopausal symptoms as compared to those having moderate and
severe physical activity.
Conclusion: Menopause is associated with decrease in QOL. Awareness regarding menopausal
symptoms will lead to improvement in QOL by early recognition.

Introduction: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a life-threatening disorder which has deadly
consequences over uncontrolled alcohol consumption. Excessive alcohol ingestion is the
forefront cause of death in people aged 15-49 years. Alcohol is the most common cause of
liver cirrhosis in many countries in the world.1 Alcohol induced toxicity is the 3rd cause of
morbidity. The liver is the largest and the most complex organ in the body since it runs
multiple functions in the body which includes secretion of proteins and enzymes, purification
of toxins, anabolic and catabolic functions and regulation of cholesterol. It is primarily
involved in the metabolism of alcohol and hence it is the most susceptible organ that
undergoes alcohol related injuries. Alcohol acts as a behavioural stimulant at lower blood
levels but at its higher level it acts as a central nervous system depressant damaging the
cerebellum badly which alters the gait of a person.

Background: According to the World Health Organization, quality of life (QoL) is a
subjective assessment of each individual's cultural, social, and environmental factors.
Over 90% of the general population in developed countries has some kind of
periodontal disease (PD), according to national clinical oral epidemiological studies. PD
can also affect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). So, the goal of this study
was to see if there was a link between OHRQoL and periodontal health in patients with
moderate periodontitis.
Material and methods: Our study included 250 subjects in age group 20-40 years who
reported to the Department of Periodontology. The study was conducted for a time
duration of 6 months. The study participants were given the OHIP-14 questionnaire on
the day of treatment and asked to fill. OHIP-14 questionnaire rates the impact of their
oral health on 14 key areas of oral health related QOL.
Result: According to findings of this studyPD affect oral health-related quality of life
(OHRQoL).
Conclusion: In patients with mild periodontitis, periodontitis had a negative impact on
QOL. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy and personality development counselling have
the potential to improve patient perceptions of dental health and quality of life.

Background: The emotional and social sequelae of primary axillary hyperhidrosis (PAH) mandate the search for new techniques. The study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of diode laser-980 nm versus intradermal Botulinum toxin A (BTA) in the management of PAH. Patients and methods: This parallel-randomized controlled pilot study was conducted upon 40 PAH patients from December-2019 to June-2021 at the National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences (NILES), Egypt; the laser group (20 cases) and the BTA group (20 cases). Results: The two groups were comparable regarding age, BMI, and gender (p-values > 0.05). Females constituted 60% & 65% of the laser group & the BTA group, respectively. The laser group had higher reduction of HDSS score than the BTA group at 1-month (1.40±0.50 versus 2.05±0.69; p-value = 0.002) and at 6-months (1.35±0.49 versus 2.35±0.59; p-value < 0.001). At 1-month and 6- months, the laser group had a higher reduction of the mean of moisture percentage than the BTA group (p-values < 0.001). At 1-month, there was a higher patient satisfaction in the laser group 3.5±0.61 than in the BTA group 3.10±0.71 (p-value = 0.036). At 6-months, the difference became more evident with the higher satisfaction in the laser group 3.30±0.73 than the BTA group 2.50±0.51, (p-value < 0.001). The laser group demonstrated significantly better DLQI score than the BTA group at both 1-month (p-value = 0.010) and 6-months visits (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: The study showed that Diode laser 980 nm is effective and safe as a treatment for PAH

Vitiligo is characterized by depigmentation and skin patches. It occurs in localized areas and in many cases, it occurs in a generalized form. It is known to affect self-esteem and has a great impact on the quality of life. The present study aimed to find the frequency and type of psychiatric illness. In addition, this study also aims to correlate stressful life events, and hostility with the severity and duration of vitiligo, as well as with the comorbid psychiatric disorder.
Methods: The demographic and socio-economic profiles of all the cases were recorded. A detailed history of the disease was obtained using a pretested and structured proforma. A detailed physical examination including neurological evaluation and examination of mental status with help of a psychiatrist was done. VASI-Vitiligo area and severity Index to calculate clinical severity of Vitiligo. The subjects were administered the MINI International Neuropsychiatric interview and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale.
Results: In the study, 70% of the sample had Non-segmental (Generalized) vitiligo and 30% localized/segmental type. The duration of illness was < 5 years in 80% of patients, 6-12 years in 12% of patients, and in 8%, it was > 13 years. The common type was at 37.5% stationary at 32.5% Remission and exacerbation at 17.5% and the Progressive type was in the least cases at 12.5% cases. In this study out of n=28(70%), cases had some form of psychiatric illness and n=12(30%) cases were without any psychiatric illnesses. Among the cases with psychiatric illnesses, it was found that major depressive disorder was in 30% of cases followed by a generalized anxiety disorder in 12.5% of cases and dysthymic disorder, social phobia, mixed anxiety, and depressive disorder in 7.5%.
Conclusion: Longer duration of vitiligo was associated with more severity of the disease and psychiatric manifestations. Based on the results of our study, people with vitiligo have a significant chance of developing psychiatric manifestations, and their morbidity may rise if emotional issues are not appropriately handled. Early diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric manifestations may improve the course of the vitiligo illness as well as the general quality of life.

Background: Emotional and social challenges are higher in children with hearing loss
especially during their transition from childhood to adolescence phase. Before the cochlear
implant placement became a routine and widely accepted management modality for
treating hearing loss in children, the children felt more psychosocial issues.
Aims: The present trial was conducted to assess if children with cochlear implants
secondary to hearing loss have similar psychosocial challenges as their peers having
normal hearing patterns by assessing the responses given by children or their parents
concerning the child's health-related quality of life.
Materials and Methods: 62 subjects were divided into two categories of 8-11 years old and
12-16 years (n=31). Independent assessment of children and their parents was done. The
comparison was done of children's responses with their parent's responses, and with
responses of the control children with the normal hearing pattern. The quality of life was
evaluated using the KINDLR survey designed especially for children.The collected data
were subjected to statistical evaluation and the results were formulated.
Results:In 8-11 years old compared to their peers with the normal hearing pattern,
cochlear implants had a less positive quality of life concerning their family and physical
well-being with p< 0.0001. In 12-16 years when compared to their peers with the normal
hearing pattern, cochlear implants had a less positive quality of life concerning their
friends, school, and self-esteem with respective p-values of 0.01, 0.04, and 0.07.
Conclusion:Children with cochlear implants report their quality of life as similar to the
subjects with the normal hearing pattern. In comparison, responses by parents were
reliable and comparable to the children. The quality of life was better in young children
compared to the older children group.

This research aims to 1) study the quality of life (QOL) level development according to characteristics of Thai elderly demography 2) study the different levels of Thai elderly QOL and 3) study the relationship between QOL development and Thai elderly QOL in Nakhon Pathom province. Mixed methods research was used in this study. The sample consisted of 400 Thai elderlyby using questionnaires and statistics used. The data analyzed were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation. The statistical t-test, one-way ANOVA analysis, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were determined. Found that 1) the QOL improvement, the overall picture is at a high level, social support had the highest average, followed by environmental management, participation and health promotion 2) the elderly QOL, the environment was at a high level, followed by social, psychological, and physical relationships 3) overall QOL improvement was positively related to the elderly QOL according to the statistical significance assumptions at the level. 01 and 4) from the municipal administrators of Nakhon Pathom province interviewing, found that the QOL improvement in various areas municipality affecting the elderly QOL when the elderly are developed, they will have a better QOL

Studies have shown that it is easier for people, who are emotionally capable, to cope with life challenges and therefore they are healthier psychologically. Alexithymia exacerbates vulnerability to physical illness and predisposes to chronic illness. The aim of this study was to determine the role of physical psychotherapy on the quality of life of patients with hypertension with alexithymia. In this clinical trial with a pre-test post-test design, 60 patients with hypertension with alexithymia were purposefully selected from the patients referred to the health centers of Semnan and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed during 1.5 months in the experimental group according to the steps designed in the protocol of physical psychotherapy. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed by descriptive, inferential and MANCOVA statistics. In multivariate analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference in the linear composition of alexithymia components and quality of life. Overall, physical psychotherapy has had a significant effect on improving alexithymia, blood pressure and quality of life. Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said that physical psychotherapy has been effective in improving the quality of life and controlling blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure with alexithymia and performing this treatment in the above patients is recommended as a suitable complementary treatment.

Studies have shown that it is easier for people, who are emotionally capable, to cope with life challenges and therefore they are healthier psychologically. Alexithymia exacerbates vulnerability to physical illness and predisposes to chronic illness. The aim of this study was to determine the role of physical psychotherapy on the quality of life of patients with hypertension with alexithymia. In this clinical trial with a pre-test post-test design, 60 patients with hypertension with alexithymia were purposefully selected from the patients referred to the health centers of Semnan and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. The intervention was performed during 1.5 months in the experimental group according to the steps designed in the protocol of physical psychotherapy. Data were collected using the Demographic Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and analyzed by descriptive, inferential and MANCOVA statistics. In multivariate analysis of covariance, there was a significant difference in the linear composition of alexithymia components and quality of life. Overall, physical psychotherapy has had a significant effect on improving alexithymia, blood pressure and quality of life. Therefore, according to the research findings, it can be said that physical psychotherapy hasbeen effective in improving the quality of life and controlling blood pressure in patients with high blood pressure with alexithymia and performing this treatment in the above patients is recommended as a suitable complementary treatment.

Introduction: Women with RA have higher grades of disease activity and more declines in health status than men with RA; this recommends a relationship between estrogen and disease activity and severity.
Aim: Our aim was to detect the effect of sex hormone fluctuations and menopause on functional disability and quality of life of postmenopausal RA patients.

Background: Healthassociated with Quality of life is most important for people with diabetes but this aspect is given less attention.
Objectives: To assess quality of lifeamong type 2 diabetes mellituspatientsand its socio-demographic determinants
Methods:A hospital based cross sectionalstudywasconductedin a tertiary care hospital from June 2014 to September 2016.130 diagnosed patients of Type 2 diabetes mellituswereincluded.Apre-structuredquestionnairewasusedand data related to demographic profile, history of diabetes, quality of life, stress etc. were collected. Datawere analysedusing SPSS version 20.
Results: Out of 130 study subjects selected for the study, 58.5% were males. The mean age 53.68 years ±10.48. The averageperiod of diabetes of participants was 5.88 ±4.70 years. Among participants, 11.5% were suffering from neuropathy. The sleeping hours was less than 7 hours in 27.7% participants. The mean stress scores of the participants was 14.61 ± 2.90 and 6.9% were having stress score 20 and above. The suggested score of the health related excellence of life study participants was 122.42 ± 14.37. The mean HRQoL score was 72.43 and found that 24.6% of the patients showed good score, 56.9% moderate score and 18.5% of the patients showed poor HRQoL score. Conclusion: Steps should be taken in individual and community level to get better the quality of life like counselling for reduction of psychological distress, practice of Yoga and meditation, diabetic diet at diabetic clinics and hospitals.

Background:An amputee is a person with a disability who needs special attention because of the condition of the amputation they are experiencing so that it disrupts their quality of life. Amputee uses prosthesis for daily activities. Quality of life is influenced by many factors, by knowing factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. Purpose:This study aims to conduct an Analysis of factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life in Indonesia. Methods:This is Quantitative research, using observational analytic. It is a cross-sectional design. Transfemoral Prosthetic user in Kuspito Clinic is the population. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling. There were 110 samples. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software is used for analysis. The instrument of this research is the questioner. Result: The Questioners are valid and Reliable. The Model purposed is fit. The SEM result shows that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social supporthave direct and indirect effect in quality of life. Subjective well-being is the mediator of factors affecting quality of life of prosthetic users.Conclusion:The study showed that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support, are the factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. It is mediated by subjective well-being.

Cancer not only impacts patients but their caregivers too. The objective of this study was to examine the types of social support needed by cancer patient caregivers and to analyse their perception of the importance of social support based on selected demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity education level, duration of care and income).The data were collected through a survey method, questionnaires were distributed among primary caregivers of cancer patients from the northern states of Malaysia.The findings showed that social support such as emotional, physical and spirituality necessary to help improve the well-being and quality of life of cancer patient caregivers

Background/Rationale: Skin is the most visible organ that defines our appearance and plays a significant social communication role to a great extent. Human beings are often concerned with their external physical appearance, which is directly related to the health of the skin, and if any disease triggers a change in the skin's natural appearance, it causes distress to the individual. Chronic diseases such as Vitiligo, Psoriasis, and Pemphigus severely dagrades the quality of life ( QOL) of affected individuals. ,Psychiatric morbidity was shown by Indian patients as stress ,anxiety depression, lower self-esteem, adjustment disorders, and sleep disturbance, and are vulnerable to various psychiatric disorders such as severe depression and suicidal ideations. The involvement of a chronic illness is typically associated with lower health-related quality of life ( HRQOL), and severity of the disorder often affects HRQOL. Objectives: To evaluate the quality of life of patients having Psoriasis, Vitiligo and Pemphigus Vulgaris and To explore the correlation between disease severity and quality of life. Methods: Prospective Cross sectional Study will be carried out in 65 patients with chronic skin diseases, attending Out Patient Department of Dermatology, AVBRH, JNMC, Sawangi, Wardha, will be Registered after having considered different conditions for inclusion and exclusion. A detailed history will be taken, severity index will be calculated and questionnaire, DLQI, HRQOL will be given to the patients. Results: The result would be undertaken in SPSS software. Conclusion: The conclusion will be based on findings for study protocol.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging public health problem that affects 5–10% of the world population. With the availability of recent treatment modalities including renal replacement therapy, the survival of CKD patients has increased considerably which has led to an increased focus on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Health-related quality of life represents the impact of the disease or its treatment on the subjective feelings of patients about their physical, mental, spiritual, emotional, social, and functional wellbeing. Quality of life among dialysis patients has been shown to be lower as compared to pre-dialysis CKD patients and is an independent risk factor for mortality in dialysis patients. Family support is an important factor that serves as a support system for the patients to face health problems.
Purpose: To examine levels of family support and the correlation of family support and quality of life (QoL) among CKD on hemodialysis (HD) patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in August-November 2020 and recruited chronic HD patients from Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital in Makassar, Indonesia. The demographic data of HD patients were collected. Quality of life was assessed using the validated Indonesian version of the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire which consists of Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) and family support that was assessed using the validated “Dukungan Keluarga” questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 statistical software.
Results: A total of 60 subjects (39 males and 21 females) were included. The mean age was 48.9±12.1 years old. About 55% of the subjects was graduated from college. About 86.7% subject was married. About 55% of the subject is not working. About 53.3% of subjects have a family income lower than the regional minimum wage. The mean duration of HD was 22.1±28.6 months. The mean score of family support was 53±8,2. Family support score has a significant positive correlation with each domain of PCS and MCS, the higher score of family support is in accordance with higher score of PCS and MCS.
Conclusion: CKD on HD patients’ quality of life was significantly affected by family support

Abstract :Background: An amputee is a person with a disability who needs special attention because of the condition of the amputation they are experiencing so that it disrupts their quality of life. Amputee uses prosthesis for daily activities. Quality of life is influenced by many factors, by knowing factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. Purpose: This study aims to conduct an Analysis of factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life in Indonesia. Methods: This is Quantitative research, using observational analytic. It is a cross-sectional design. Transfemoral Prosthetic user in Kuspito Clinic is the population. The sampling technique used is a simple random sampling. There were 110 samples. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS software is used for analysis. The instrument of this research is the questioner. Result: The Questioners are valid and Reliable. The Model purposed is fit. The SEM result shows that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support have direct and indirect effect in quality of life. Subjective well-being is the mediator of factors affecting quality of life of prosthetic users. Conclusion: The study showed that motivation, optimism, religiosity, self-efficacy, social support, are the factors affected to prosthetic users quality of life. It is mediated by subjective well-being.

The dispassionate indicators of happiness measurement consider the obvious conditions of municipal elements, such as housing, nutrition, and the setting. Autonomous indices were done, on the subject of the questions asked by the researchers through the questionnaire of people about contentment. In this regard, it attempts to measure the role of municipal elements in contentment and quality of life of the inhabitants in the Commissioners’ neighbourhoods of Jimeta. The research technique used in this article was descriptive-analytical and data collection was prepared using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS software. The questionnaire contains 3 components of 8 indicators and 29 questions. Cronbach's alpha test was used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire. Its reliability was 0.81 and was acceptable. The outcomes of the research show that the contentment of residents in the study area is in a judicious situation. According to the results, the level of citizenship contentment of the neighbourhoods is from the social, environmental, and economic components, with a score of 4.35, 3.92, and 2.47 from the Likert spectrum, correspondingly.

The aim of our study was to study, using a questionnaire (СОМОТ--15 questionnaire), the level of quality of life of patients with chronic suppurative otitis media before and after tymponoplast.
Material and research methods: We examined 60 patients, over 18 years old, with chronic suppurative otitis media. All participants filled out the СОМОТ--15 questionnaire, anamnesis and otoscopy were studied in detail, all patients underwent clinical studies - these are endoscopic and microscopic assessment of ENT organs, as well as audiological studies, which included a tonal audiogram with measurement of the air-bone interval in both ears.
Conclusions: Patients with chronic suppurativeotitis media report a decrease in the quality of life associated with a decrease in hearing acuity, and not with disturbing tinnitus or otorrhea. The type of chronic suppurative otitis media (epitympanitis or mesotympanitis) in no way reflects the patient's quality of life. Tympanoplasty significantly improves the patient's quality of life.

Background:Dental and oral health problems can have an impact on the ability to chew, bite, swallow or talk, one's appearance, smile and self-esteem, social factors such as eating or talking in front of others, pain or discomfort, which will affect the quality of life of individuals. Purpose:of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the age of patients with oral health problems with the quality of life.Method:This research is a descriptive type of research with 118 respondents. The questionnaire completed by the respondent which contained primary data including name, gender, age, disease history, OHIP-14 scale, and five-point scale. Result:Most of the study subjects were respondents who were in the young adult age group (25-44 years), with a higher quality of life score (12.04%). The average results of OHIP scores of subjects with the highest scores stated that subjects in both ages ranges felt disturbed especially in terms of mastication, ingestion, and speech functions by 11.9%. The lowest score is at the point of feeling hard to do any activity at 4.89% and feels easily offended or upset at 5.67%.Conclusion: The result shows a significant difference from the statistical analysis test of OHIP-14 scores according to age. Thus it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the age range in patients with oral health problems with the quality of life.

The study included 41 patients aged 36 to 64 years, suffering from BA, in whom the disease was complicated by pulmonary hypertension (PH). Patients were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 17 BA patients with II-III stage of severity with PH (average age 57.1 ± 1.5 years). The second group included 24 BA patients with AH (average age 57 ± 1.8 years). The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals (HI), comparable in age.