European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Antibiotics primarily used in treating the bacterial infections when administered unnecessarily can cause antibiotic resistance making the bacteria non responsive against antimicrobials. Analgesics that are used to relieve pain are one of the routinely used medications. Hence, the aim of this study was to check the knowledge and awareness regarding use of both antibiotics and analgesics amongst dental undergraduates. Total 324 participants from different profs and interns submitted their responses for the online questionnaire. A highly statistically significant difference was observed in the knowledge of participants for both analgesics and antibiotics. It can be concluded that the knowledge and awareness on the use of antibiotics and analgesics among dental undergraduates is low indicating lack of basic understanding of oral dose, indications and risks of both medications.

Background and objectives: Assessment of effectiveness of α blockers in eliminating distal ureteric calcification and determine Tamsulosin's and Alfuzosin's effectiveness in treating distal ureteric calculus.
Methods: A 120-patients Control Prospective Cohort research was conducted at Department Urology, Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. All individuals presenting a background of ureteric colic who showed up between August 2021 and July 2022 got considered for participation in the research.
Result: Group A patients were 27.0 (range 18 to 45) years old, Group B 26.8 (range 18 to 45), and Group C 25.4. (between range18 to 41 years). Most people were 21 to 30. All 3 groups had comparable age distributions. P = 0. 97, Men and women were equally represented in all 3 groups. Group A needed 3.8%, 16.67%, and 10% intervention in 6mm calculus, respectively. Group A, B, and C required intervention for > 6mm calculus at 96.1%, 83.3%, and 90%. All groups showed statistically significant differences. P =0.03, The placebo group averaged more than 6 analgesic doses.
Conclusion: Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin promote distal ureteric calculus evacuation. Tamsulosin and Alfuzosin had identical distal ureteric calculus ejection rates. Alpha-blockers lessen analgesics needs but not calculus ejection period

Background:There are various routes in drug delivery system including intra-venous, intra-muscular, oral, sublingual etc. In all these routes time of action of drug, life of the drug differs. In oral route the drug is absorbed into circulation then it is metabolised in liver and then only the action of drug begins. As in transdermal patches the action of the drug is slow but has a long life i.e.., the effect of drug in the body is long compared to other routes. Dental pain is very common in orthodontic treatment due to the movement of the tooth and the pressure exerted by the orthodontic system. So this study will involve in evaluation of pain relief in patients taking tablets verses patients who are not taking tablets verses patients using transdermal patch undergoing orthodontic treatment Aim: To analyse the analgesic effect of transdermal patch in patients who are undergoing orthodontic treatment Materials and methods: 20 selected randomly after the placement of initial niti wire in mild crowding .1-4mm little irregularity index without extraction of teeth were selected for the study. Among that 10 were given trans- dermal patch (NUPATCH-DICLOFENAC SODIUM) and other 10 were not given trans-dermal patch. Pain intensity was noted using pain chart which was given to the patient and collected after 2 days. Pain was noted in time interval of 1hour, 4 hour, 1 day and 2 day. All the data were collected, which was computed and Statistics was done Results : All the data were statistically analyzed using spss software and the mean were analysed. It is found that that the analgesic dermatological patch has a good action in reducing dental pain , due to its long half life period and less systemic toxicity. Conclusion : Use of transdermal patch has a significant analgesic effect. This study reveals that transdermal patch had a significant analgesic effect and can also be used in routine dental practice.