European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

The evolving field of Precision Medicine is revolutionizing drug discovery and healthcare delivery. In this article, we take a look at how this nascent field has already impacted drug development for targeted therapy and the widespread use of genetic testing to assist clinical decision making at point-of-care. We also examine how the interaction of people and technology plays a critical role in Precision Medicine delivery. Finally, we conclude with how Precision Medicine can bring healthcare's spiralling costs down, while improving patient outcomes.

Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has recently been explored as a novel nanostructured system for controlled drug delivery. The present study examines the releasing behavior and antibacterial efficacy of cellulose (CC) and tempo-oxidized- microfibrillated cellulose (TO-MFC) loaded with oxytetracycline at three different physiological pH (2.1, 6.8 and 9.0). The releasing mechanism from cellulosic matrix was assessed by applying zero order, first order, and second order & Ritger-Peppas model. The well diffusion assay was carried out to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of the prepared MFCs. Results indicate that the stability for the drug loaded on TO-MFC at all the pH was significant. TO-MFC and CC both showed sustained release of OTC and followed Ritger-Peppas model signifying the diffusion process. The sustained antibacterial activities of these cellulosic matrixes were also observed. Results indicate that both drug delivery systems retained their medicinal properties against bacteria. The application of MFC could be very promising since it allows a sustained release of drug conserving long-term antibacterial efficiency.

Neoplastic growth of the breast is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and its incidence has increased in most countries. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Ex Fr.) P.kumm. (P. ostreatus) an edible mushroom on modulating levels of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, hormonal status of estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR), protein expressions and histopathological analysis in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary carcinogenesis using a rat model. DMBA was induced by single subcutaneous injection at a dosage of 25 mg in 1 mL vehicle. The ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus (POEet) was administered orally at a concentration of 600 mg/kg bwt as pre- and post-initiation stage of treatment throughout the experimental period which was also compared with standard tamoxifen (TAM) (10 mg/kg bwt). At the end of 16 weeks, our results showed the elevated phase I and depleted phase II metabolizing enzymes, over expression of (ER/PR) and the expression pattern of the proteins such as fas, fasL, caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, Bax were found to be down regulated whereas p53, Bcl2, cox-2 and cyclin D1 were markedly upregulated in DMBA-induced Sprague-Dawley rats, which were significantly reversed on P. ostreatus administration. Moreover, pre-treatment with P. ostreatus showed improved response when compared to that of posttreatment. Based on scientific appraisal, we conclude that the dietary consumption of P. ostreatus might offer maximum protection against DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis and improving human health if used as a regular basis.

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