European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine

Background:- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2the causative pathogen of coronavirus disease 2019became a global threat to human health. Liver impairment had been frequently reported as a common manifestation and clinical significance is still unclear particularly in patients with underlying chronic liver disease.Aims:-The summarise the changes in liver function tests during Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 infection and its impact of COVID‐19 in patients with  Chronic Liver Disease.Methods:-A literature review using online database Pub Med was done using the search terms “SARS‐CoV‐2”, “COVID‐19”, “liver”, “cirrhosis” and “liver transplantation”.Conclusion:-COVID‐19 is frequently associated with different degrees of abnormal liver function tests most notably transaminases which are usually transitory and of mild degree. This Available evidence suggests that liver injury may have result from direct pathogenic effect by the virus and systemic inflammation or toxicity from commonly used drugs in this subset of patients. Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2infections in children is associated with minimal or no increase in liver enzymes thus the presence of abnormal liver function tests should trigger evaluation for underlying liver diseases.It seems that patients with Chronic Liver Disease are not at greater risk for acquiring the infection these are cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, autoimmune liver diseases or liver transplant may has a greater risk for severe COVID‐19.

Corona is a pandemic disease but other than the corona also so many viruses and organisms effect on the respiratory system and harm on immune system of the body. Yoga plays a important role in the life. Yoga, perhaps, is one amongst the foremost effective and tried resistance boosters that we will adopt for a healthier life. Yoga could be a holistic follow that strengthens our body physically similarly as mentally. As a result, the body’s defense conjointly improves in such a condition. A healthy life may be simply achieved if we have a tendency to learn to adopt a healthy modus vivendi, healthy food decisions and regular follow of yoga and meditation. Ayurveda, yoga, and meditation square measure the perfect factors to measure a healthy life. Surya Namaskar or Sun Salutation could be a sequence of twelve powerful yoga poses. Besides being an excellent vas physical exercise, Surya namaskar includes all 12 asanas and it will help to the growth of the physical body as well as mental peace. Surya Namaskar is additionally legendary to possess an associate vastly positive impact on the body and mind.

Stressful life events always create a disturbance in the normal life of any organism and thus is a threat to the homeostasis.  This triggers off a physiological response which needs adaptation and response. Mild stress may subside over a period of time but if stress continues, it can cause damage and exacerbation of disease process. One such disease related to stress is ulcerative colitis.  It was first described in mid-1800s.  Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic disease with chronic inflammation of the colonic mucosa. It commonly involves the rectum and can extend in a proximal and continuous fashion and other parts of the colon are affected.  Though there is still a controversy over the role of psychosocial factors in the development and modulation of common gastrointestinal disorders, but researches do establish bidirectional interactions between the brain and gut, and that certain stressful life events frequently precede exacerbation of symptoms in gastrointestinal disorders. 
 

Introduction: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (IHCP) is characterised by unexplained pruritus in pregnancy associated with abnormal liver function tests (LFTs), along with or without raised bile acids, which resolves soon after delivery. Overall prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis is around 0.1-2%. It mainly affects patients in second and third trimester. Maternal morbidities related to obstetrics cholestasis are mainly intense pruritus, but in case of perinatal outcome, it has significant adverse effects like preterm birth, meconium stained amniotic fluid, respiratory distress syndrome, increased admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and stillbirth. Aims and objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate different perinatal outcome in patients of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and co-relate it with the maternal bile acids levels. Material and methods:This was an observational study.All the pregnant patients with history of pruritus and abnormal liver function test, with bile acid levels > 10micromol/litre, who fits into definition of obstetric cholestasis were included in this study, as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: During the study period, 54 patients were selected for the study and were divided into two groups. 33 patients in group 1 with bile acid levels <40 micromol/litre and 21 patients in group 2 with bile acid levels > 40 micromol/litre. More fetal complications were seen in group 2 when compared to group 1. There was 2 intrauterine death (IUD) and one still birth in group 2 and none in group 1. In group 2 there was 8 low birth weight babies whereas there was one baby in group 1.There were 6 babies in group 2 with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and required intubation whereas in group 1, 3 babies had RDS and 4 required intubation. In group 2, 10 babies required neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission whereas in group 1, 4 babies required NICU care. Conclusion: Increased bile acid levels are related to adverse perinatal outcome and can be used for monitoring the progress of the IHCP.However,timely decision of termination of pregnancy as opposed to inuterocontinuation of pregnancy comparing the risks over benefits plays very important role in favourable outcome of pregnancy.

Jalaukawacharana is the form by which blood is released in the treatment of Conditions of illness such as Psoriasis, Osteoarthria with the aid of therapeutic leeches. Modern medical science is the most acceptable and completely developed science in th entire world. but there is still not much impact on disorders such as Psoriasis, Osteoarthritis, Rheumatic Gout, Chronic Ecezema,Vulgar Acne, Varicose Vein, Sciatica, Alopecia, etc. Leech therapy may be a safe and safer choice for treating such treatment.Leech has been used as Jalaukawacharana for Raktamokshana since ancient days. Reference should be gathered from conventional Ayurvedic texts, physicians, the internet, As well as professional experience. Detailed Jalaukawacharana details can be found in SushrutaSamhitaThis illness, according to Ayurveda,is caused by vitiation of three Dosha.to let out the blood that helps to remove vitiated ones in Jalaukawacharana Dosha, particularly Pitta.The mode of action in leech therapy depends on the leech. Bioactive saliva containing Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, Analgesic, Thrombolytic, antioxidant, vasodilator, anticoagulant, improvement of blood circulation Assets.  In this current study, Ayurvedic sculptures and leech therapy have been in the light of modern science, explored.
 

Introduction :
Previous studies have shown varying results with trans-foraminalapproach epidural steroidinjections performed with particulate versus non-particulate corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in pain relief and functional improvement between particulate and non-particulate lumbosacral (MIL) in patients who had undergone both injections through intra-laminar approach.
Methods:
This was a self-controlled, prospective study of 40 patients who underwent both a methylprednisolone and a dexamethasone intra-laminar injection to the same vertebral level and side. Primary outcomes included pain relief according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional improvement determined by a yes/no answer to questions regarding mobility and the activities of daily living. Post-injection data was recorded at 6, 12, and 24 weeks.
Results:
A decrease in VAS scores of-3.6 +/- 3, - 3.2 +/- 3.2,  -3 +/- 3.1 is noted in methyl prednisolone group as compared to better VAS score projected in patients with dexamethasone group as suggested  -3.9+/- 3.2, -3.1 +/-  2.9,- 2.2 +/- 3.2 at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks respectively. 
Conclusions: 
Introduction :
Previous studies have shown varying results with trans-foraminalapproach epidural steroidinjections performed with particulate versus non-particulate corticosteroids. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in pain relief and functional improvement between particulate and non-particulate lumbosacral (MIL) in patients who had undergone both injections through intra-laminar approach.
Methods:
This was a self-controlled, prospective study of 40 patients who underwent both a methylprednisolone and a dexamethasone intra-laminar injection to the same vertebral level and side. Primary outcomes included pain relief according to the visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional improvement determined by a yes/no answer to questions regarding mobility and the activities of daily living. Post-injection data was recorded at 6, 12, and 24 weeks.
Results:
A decrease in VAS scores of-3.6 +/- 3, - 3.2 +/- 3.2,  -3 +/- 3.1 is noted in methyl prednisolone group as compared to better VAS score projected in patients with dexamethasone group as suggested  -3.9+/- 3.2, -3.1 +/-  2.9,- 2.2 +/- 3.2 at 6 weeks, 12 weeks and 24 weeks respectively. 
Conclusions:
Findings positively supports the use of non-particulate steroids for lumbar prolapse inter-vertebral disc with radicular pain in contrast of safety use of particulate steroids for one of treatment modality in dealing with localized or radicular pain

Introduction:  The fifth largest, fastest-growing economy in the world by nominal GDP of $ 2.94 trillion and among the top 1o countries in shares of global manufacturing output, India has become one of the manufacturing hubs along with a service sector. To further boost the economy government had taken initiatives such as “Make In India” supplemented with ‘Digital India’ and ‘Skill India’ Mission.  Achieving the target of $ 5 trillion by 2024 seems to be postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic by another two years or must be geared up for a continuous growth rate of 11.5% per annum. To achieve the growth rate double along with all constraints like inflation, unemployment, GST, low demands, low purchasing power is a big challenge. We need to look fresh to our industry, their practices, effectiveness, productivity, technology adoption, skillset and overall reform through policy to work upon the fundamental dimension of technology, people, governance, and impact to achieve sustainable growth. This paper study and analyze the readiness of industrial enterprises, especially manufacturing companies on six dimension model.
Aim: This study aims to understand the preparedness of the industry stakeholders for awareness and adoption of nine key technology components that pave the way for industry 4.0 or SAMARTH Udyog Bharat 4.0. This study analyzing the working environment of the industry to understand the workforce is ready with the technologies they are working upon. This will help to findthe gap of readiness for Industry 4.0 and to bridge them quickly to achieve a growth rate of approximately 11.5%. The industry, which is there in 2.0 or 3.0 will immediately move in the direction of 4.0 to fill the gap.
Material and Methods: The survey of one hundred fifty industry manager is carried out to understand the current implementation of industry 4.0 components.  The companies are from the Vidharbha region and mostly from Nagpur and nearby areas. The attributes required in the Industry 4.0 is considered for data collection and analysis. Cross tabulation is used to analyze the data.
Result:The study reveals that manufacturing units are more ready towards Industry 4.0 rather than the service industry. The age group of 46-55 are more active in the manufacturing sector to work upon future generation technology whereas the young age group is rarely involved and aware about the same.
Conclusion:Industry needs to be more geared up for the preparedness of Industry 4.0. As early the corporate take the move as other stakeholders will improve to match the environment. The influencing and resulting barriers have to minimize to attain the targeted growth in a specified time period.

Background:AfteroutbreakturnedpandemicofCOVID-19strucktheworld,ithasshakeneverynookandcornerofthe world. Need of greater research and analysis on how we can contain this virus and prevent in firstplace.Summary:Various measures are being employed to contain the virus. The dietary factor plays a major role in influencing the outcome of the result. Certain substances which contain anti-viral properties needs more research to establish the relation between treatment and outcome after its usage. Infodemic so termed by WHO is also creating a global menace which can only be countered by true information.Conclusion:More comprehensive study is needed to prepare a diet plan well curated according to the present condition of patients after contraindications been evaluated to ensure most expected result.

Epilepsy is the most common management in a neurological problems and stands after stroke and dementia in its prevalence.Epilepsy is a chief public health problem all over world. The anticipated proportion of the general population with active epilepsy at a given time ranges from 4-10 per 1,000 people. The disease and its management have high impact on the quality of life of the affected person and also prejudice in education, employment and social acceptance. In Ayurveda, the comparable presentation is named as ‘Apasmara’ has been explained with its etiology, symptoms, diagnosis and management. AcharyaCharaka has mentioned Shodhana therapy along with Shamana therapy as a line of treatment of Apasmara. In this regard, there is great potential for identifying outstanding Ayurvedic mechanism particularly in consideration of the fact that such substances may provide maximum improvement with cost effectiveness, least side effects.

Sthoulya(Obesity) is the major and basic cause of lifestyle disorders like Diabetes mellitus,Hypertension, Coronary heart disease. Sthoulya(Obesity) is increasing at an alarming rate in developed industrialized countries which are undergoing rapid nutrition and lifestyle transition. Obesity is one of the most effective diseases which affect someone’s social, physical and mental status. In Ayurveda; Sthoulya (Obesity) is regarded as Medoroga, a disorder of MedaDhatu, which includes fat tissue and fat metabolism. According to Ayurveda;Sthoulya begins with an imbalance of  Doshas  (Vata, Pitta and Kapha),  Agni (digestive fire),  Malas  (waste products) or an imbalance of Srotas (microcirculatory channels). This collection of imbalances then interferes with the formation of tissues or Dhatus and leads to a tissue imbalance that we experience as excess weight.
Overweight and obesity are linked to more deaths worldwide than underweight. Overall, about 13% of the world adult population (15% of women and 11% of men) was obese in 2016. The worldwide prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016. Around 5-8.8% of school children are obese in India. And if the rates increase at a pace like this, 27 million Indian children will be obese by 2030.
Now a day’s every person is running after life’s goal hence does not have time to think and act for healthy life and not able to follow the proper Dincharya, Ritucharya, Dietetics rules and regulations. Due to artificial living lifestyle, person suffers from so many disorders for themselves;Sthoulyais one of them.
Keeping in the view of above concepts, research work entitled“Comparative Clinical Study ofrole of MustadiKwathGhanvati in Sthoulya (Obesity) by AntaparimarjanandMustadiChurna in BahiparimarjanChikista”is taken into consideration.
The result of study showed that excessive intake of oily and fatty food, sedentary lifestyle, and psychological factor along with genetically predisposition play a major role in aetiopathogenesis of Sthoulya(obesity).
Furthermore it was also found that MustadiKwathGhanvati effectively helps in reducing weight & BMI ratio. The effect of study shows that MustadiKwathGhanvati provided better relief as compare to MustadichurnaUdhavartana in the management of Sthoulya
 

Introduction-
Obesity is one of the most serious health problem of current era. Affecting both developed and developing countries and children as well as adults. It’s a 5^th leading risk of global death. Adverse effect of obesity affecting population in transition are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease and glucose intolerance.  Obesity has reached epidemic proportion in India with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country’s population. Obesity lowers the life expectancy. Ayurveda has very well explained the causes, symptoms & treatment of obesity.AcharyaCharaka has also mentioned Sthaulya in SantarpanjanyaVyadhi. At an individual level, a combination of food intake and a lack of physical activity is thought to explain most cases of obesity. Limited number of cases due to genetic, medical reasons and psychiatric illness.
Material & Methods-In this study 70 individuals are selected from our institutions on the basis of pre-obese, obese class 1 & obese class 2.after diagnosed obese individuals all were observed for demographic characteristics and the statistical analysis done.
Conclusion-
In this observational study we can conclude thatAge between 30-50yrs, females, literates, upper middle class & lower middle class peoples, People having desk work & field work, Professional workers, Both vegetarians & non vegetarian, people having good sleep, presence of stress, people having regular bowel habits, pittakaphaj&pittavataj predominant prakriti all these factors might be the risk factors for Sthaulya or obesity

Background: Compressive symptoms of spinal nerves is common presentation in general population. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) is the commonest pathology that leads to low back pain.Damage to intervertebral disc-vertebra interface associates with back pain and various lesions. This study is aimed at histopathological evaluation of excised specimen of cases presenting with neural compression at single or multiple sites.
Material methods: The prospective study was performed on surgically excised tissues from 75 (n) patients. Demographic data and brief clinical history were recorded.Tissue sections were prepared by using a paraffin block and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E).Detailed microscopic evaluation was performed, and the diagnosis was recorded. The statistical evaluation was done using R Studio V 1.2.5001 software. The Chi-square test of association was used to find the association between histopathological findings of different lesions and age, and gender.  
Results: Outof 75 cases48 males and 27 females. The mean age of subject is51 yearsranging from 24 to 72 years.The study included histopathological findings of vertebral and intervertebral disc lesions.Intervertebral disc lesions showed presence of degenerated and inflammatory lesions.Vertebral lesions were classified as benign and metastatic lesions. The degenerated intervertebral disc material was in 35cases, inflammatory lesions included intervertebral discitis (n=21) and Potts spine in (n=10). The benign lesions are aneurysmal bone cyst(n=2), fibrous dysplasia (n=1), giant cell tumor (n=2), meningioma (n=2), plexiform neurofibroma(n=1).One case of metastatic deposit of adenocarcinoma from lung (1) were diagnosed.No primary malignancy cases were found in our study.
Conclusion: Majority of histopathological findings of excised samples showed intervertebral discitis and Pott’s spine.The present study provided valuable information regarding histopathology of lesions and their corelation to preoperative diagnosis.

Mental Health first aid is still in infantile stage in India. The main reason being stigma of mental illness preventing mentally ill to access mental health facilities.Further the mental health first aid is required in mental health crisis such as irreversible losses and other significant life events leading to severe mental shock and mental pain. In India, traditionally the people in the family, close relatives, family friends and neighbors are usually available at the time of significant life events. The foregoing article is an attempt to identify if there is any resemblance Indian family system to psychological first aid module now in vogue worldwide.

INTRODUCTION
Leiomyomas of the uterus are extremely common neoplasms. The overall incidence ranges between 4% and 11% and rises to nearly 40% in women’s over the age of 50 years. Among smooth muscle lesions uterine leiomyomas (uterine fibroid) are most common followed by adenomyosis of myometrium
METHODOLOGY
This study consists of 517 hysterectomies cases collected over a period of 2 years from June 2008 to June 2010 (2 years prospective study). The material was obtained from the patients admitted to district hospital in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Detailed micro-anatomic features were studied and recorded
RESULTS AND OBSERVATION
During the two-year study period, out of 517 hysterectomy cases, the study includes histopathological proved 276 cases with myometrial lesions. Youngest was 20 years old and oldest was 65 years old. Menorrhagia was the commonest presenting symptom seen in 99 patients followed by dysmenorrhea in 49 patients, white discharge per vagina 33 patients and mass per vagina  in 53patients . Histologically non-neoplastic lesions in the form of adenomyosis was seen in 52 uteri (18.84%). Pure leiomyoma was diagnosed in 156 specimens (56.18%), whereas other 67 leiomyomas were associated with adenomyosis (24.27%).
CONCLUSION
Histopathological study of myometrial lesions includes adenomyosis and variety of leiomyomas classified based on site, size and microscopic variants. Although benign and malignant lesions of are distinct and well studied, there are some benign lesions that often mimic cancer-causing diagnostic dilemma.

Research on carcinogenesis is growing, possible correlation between cancer and other chronic illness is slowly being unveiled. Tuberculosis, one of the commonly occurring chronic granulomatous inflammation is considered asa risk factor for development of malignancy. The pathophysiology and practical implications of their co-existence have received little attention.
We present a case of elderly male, who was treated with antitubercular drugs thirty years ago for pulmonary tuberculosis. Recently patient presented with pain in the abdomen and loss of weight. Endoscopy of gastrointestinal tract showed ulceroproliferative growth involving pyloric region of the stomach with antral thickening. Cut section showing grey white growth with two adjacent ulcers. Gross examination of liver showed grey brown lobular mass in segment eight. Lymph node metastasis was seen in lesser and greater omentum. Special stains Mucicarmine&Alcian blue were positive but ZN stain for AFB was negative.
Pathologist needs to be aware of the coexistence of Koch’s and malignancy as an uncommon event, maintaining a high index of suspicion for simultaneous and/or misleading presentations. Tuberculosis infection present in immunocompromised patient is well known. Present case highlights occurrence of tuberculous infection in the liver coexisting with gastric adenocarcinoma.

Background:- Agni is an important factor for digestion and metabolism in our body. Ingested food is to be digested, absorbed and assimilated, which is unavoidable for the maintenance of life and is performed by Agni. In Ayurveda, the term “Agni” is used as a key factor responsible for digestion of food and metabolic products
Objectives are to study the correlation of “Agni” with serum bile acids and sama-Nirama mala
Methodology:-Random Selection of clinically normal Subjects followed byassessment of Agni, Prakruti and Koshtha based on Subjective parameters, Observation of Sam - Niram quality of Malaalso estimation of bile acids in blood of all the selected participants, Correlation of Subjective and objective parameters related to Agni and bile acids.
Results:- will be drawn from the observations of data
Conclusion:- will be drawn from observations, results and statistical analysis of the study.
 

NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS: Taenia solium, also known as the pork tapeworm, causes 2 different infections in children. Infection with cystic form is termed cysticercosis, and involvement of central nervous system (CNS) is termed nuerocysticercosis. We report a case of 10 year old male child with abnormal limb movement with upward rolling of eyes. History of repeated consumption of noodles from roadside food eatries.MRI BRAIN s/o- well defined rounded cystic lesion containing tiny scolex in it as well adjacent another rounded lesion showing hypo intense rim on T2W seen in left parietal region with mild perilesional edema seen in left temporo-parietal region s/o- granulomatous lesion. Patient was admitted for monitoring. No further complications were noted.
CONCLUSION Children can acquire tapeworm by ingestion of undercooked pork containing theLarval cyst. In the intestines the cyst converts into the tapeworm form. Children are also susceptible to infection by the eggs shed by tapeworm carriers.

Aim         
The aim of the study is to note the variation in the origin of right hepatic artery.
Case report
Variations in the arterial supply of liver and extrahepatic biliary apparatus are known to exist. In a study done on 30 cadavers at Seth G.S. Medical College and K.E.M. Hospital, Mumbai, India, during the period 2011–2012, it was found that right hepatic artery was originated from coeliac trunk in an adult male cadaver.
Conclusion
Variation in the origin of the artery may make it prone to injuries during surgical procedures including laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver transplantation, etc., if due care is not taken.
 

Background: A crash cart or code cart (crash trolley) or "max cart" is a set of trays/drawers/shelves on wheels used in hospitals for transportation and dispensing of emergency medication/equipment at site of medical/surgical emergency for life support protocols to potentially save someone's life. Objectives: Primary objective:To assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge on crash cart among staff nurses. Secondary objectives: 1. To assess the knowledge on crash cart among staff nurses in tertiary care hospital. 2. To find out the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding crash cart among staff nurses in tertiary care hospital.3. To find out the association between the post-test knowledge score and selected demographic variables of staff nurses in tertiary care hospital. Methods: Pre-experimental method. Sample size: 80 staff nurses serving in selected tertiary care hospital of Maharashtra state. Material:Information Booklet on knowledge regarding crash cart. Results: The study finding reveals that the majority of staff nurses were found average knowledge Before intervention, had mean knowledge score of 15.78± 3.25 is average and After intervention, had mean knowledge score is excellent and very good 26.35± 1.53. Effectiveness of information Booklet on crash cart among staff nurses The Student’s paired’ t’ test shows significant difference (31.56) at 0.05% level significance Hence it is concluded that The post-test knowledge scores on crash cart has shown highly significant difference in “t” value (t=31.56, p<0.05) among staff nurses serving in tertiary care hospital. Therefore, the information booklet on crash cart was effective among staff nurses.
 

In order to preserve sound physical and mental wellbeing, Pranayama is a subset of yoga practise, is highly beneficial to humanity.Prana is defined as life or energy, Ayama implies regulating the flow of life through the body.Pranayama helps toregulate all of the breathing processes, including inspiration, expiration, and retention.Pranayama is one of the yogic techniques for healthy individualswhich can produce various physiological responses for relaxation, stress management, control of psychophysiological conditions, breathing strategies. Various breathing habits and manoeuvres may impact the autonomic nervous system significantly and may intensify or decrease adverse reactions to stressors.
 

Introduction –Yoga is a science that’s being practiced in India over thousands of yearswhich facilitates homeostasis, an ancient way of life intended to improve the quality of life, general health and fitness of an individual. Practice of yogic exercise have proposed to alter the aerobic capacity of individual. Physical fitness depends upon cardiorespiratory endurance of an individual which can be determined by VO₂ max.
Aim and objectives- To assess the effect of yogic exercise module on aerobic capacity (VO₂ max).
Methodology –Total forty, first year MBBS male students, age 18-20 years with normal body mass index were included in the study. Theyperformed yogic exercise in the form of module which included a set of physical postures (asana), breathing techniques (pranayama), and meditation (dhyana) for 35mins, 5times /week for 6 months.VO₂ max was assessed using (AD-Instrument) pre and post interventional.
Results-Mann Whitney U test was used to compare pre and post interventional results. VO₂ maxwas found to be increased after 6 months practice of yogic exercise. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Conclusion:Aerobic capacity of young adult participants was found to be enhanced after 6 month’s practiceyogic exercise module.
 

In India 72 million people are suffering from DIABETES as per the record of 2017 which is expected to double by 2025. The prevalence of diabetes in adults aged 20 years or older in India increased from 5·5% (4·9-6·1) in 1990 to 7·7% (6·9-8·4) in 2016. The prevalence in 2016 was highest in Tamil Nadu. Diabetes is more in urban locales than rural parts. The reasons of diabetes happening in many is varied but the major reason is genetic. Due to this many people are becomingmentally depressed & they feel that at the age of 50 yrs,they are going to have DIABETES just like their parents. This results into stress diabetes which has become common amongst all the Indians. Medicines are commonest curative remedy in India but I am proposing through this article some remedies through YOGA. This article doesn’t guarantee 100% result but it is preventive remedy for DIABETES.

BACKGROUND:
Drug abuse is a worldwide problem, not confined to either the developed on the developing countries. At the age of 10-20 years, the use of drug abuses in adolescence represents a serious public health problems.The teens who abuse drugs and alcohol are at higher risk of physical and mental health problem.OBJECTIVES 1.Assess the pre-test level of knowledge of  higher secondary students regarding on the prevention of drug addiction. 2.Assess the post-test level of knowledge of  higher secondary students regarding on the prevention of drug addiction. 3.Assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge of  higher secondary students regarding on the prevention of drug addiction. 4.Find out the association of pre-test level of knowledge of higher secondary students with selected demographic variables
 METHODS:
Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test researchdesign was used to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching program SAMPLE SIZE:100Higher secondary studentsPOPULATION:Accessiblepopulation SETTING :Students of AP Narmada Higher Secondary School in Jabalpur RESULT: Pre-test score(SD=3.26),Post-test score (SD=2.87) Paired value is 1.88 (p=0.05) CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the planned teaching program the prevention of drug addiction was effective method for providing moderate to adequate  knowledge  of  higher secondary students in selected schools of Jabalpur City to enhance their knowledge regarding the prevention of drug addiction.

According to ayurvedic classical texts, BrahmyadiGhrita is one of the formulation recommended in AshtangaHridyaBalrogadhikar as medhya and Smritivardhak. It contains eight ingredients Brahmi, Kushta, Sariva, Pippali, Vacha, Sidhartaka, Goghritaand Saindhav. These drugs are mainly having Medhyaproperty. In entirety ingredient possess Tikta, Katu Rasa, UshnaVirya, KatuVipaka. Due to these properties it may acts as Kaphavataharandby clearing Srotorodhit makes the way for the action of Medhyadrugs on target cells. Saindhavlavanapossesses‘sukshmaguna’,it can enter deep into the tissue & can carry the drugs with it. Goghritapossess buddhi, smritivardhak, Agnivardhakproperty. Almost all the drugs possess medhyaactivity, hence synergic effect of these contents makes the formulation potent & useful to treat various CNS disorders. In Ayurvedictext it is recommended as Medha, Buddhi&Smritivardhak.
      In present Study it is described about the process of manufacturing and standardization of  BrahmyadiGhritain laboratory.
 

Marma Science holds an important place in Ayurveda especially from the Surgical point of view. AcharyaSushruta has given a lot of importance to Marma describing them as physio – anatomical vital structures where concentrated life force energy (Prana) is located. Out of the 107 Marmas described in our texts, IndrabastiMarma is a shakhagat (Limbs)Marma located in both upper and lower limb. The Samhitas describe the ill effect (viddhalakshana) produced by Injury to IndrabastiMarmaas death after a peculiar interval, which is caused due to gradual blood loss within 15-30 days. In this fast-moving lifestyle, road traffic accidents are quite common.  Limb injuries are quiet commonest injuries in RTA.The present work was conducted to revalidate whether the impact of injury on IndrabastiMarma, mentioned by Samhitais applicable in today’s era.This observational study conducted on 30 patients of IndrabastiMarmaViddhata (injury)revealed that IndrabastiMarma asKalantarPranaharaMarma in maximum cases was converted to either Vaikalyakara (deformity producing) or Rujakara (pain causing) type. The fatality percentage due to IndrabastiMarma Injury has gone down in todays developed modern medical science.
 

Ayurveda has a holistic approach towards lifestyle disorders. In Ayurveda there are many diseases which are caused due to management of lifestyle. The burden of these lifestyle disorders is increasing day by day in the society. There are many etiological factors which cause lifestyle disorders. The life style disorders considered in Ayurveda are Sthaulya (obesity), Premeh (diabetes), Asthisandhigahtaroga (musculoskeletal disorders), Rakatgatavata (Hypertension), Hridyaroga (coronary artery diseases), cancer, psychosomatic disorders (Alzheimer’s disease), Kalibhata, Bandya (infertility) etc. These all disease is having lifestyle management causes for which they are taken under lifestyle disorders. They are rising in the society due to modernization, affluence of science technological development which leads to more sedentary life styles, which disturb the physical, mental and social wellbeing of an individual. In Ayurveda the main cause of any disease is improper functioning of the Dosha and Dhatus. And they are disturbed by the etiological factors which influence them. Tridoshas are influenced by both AaharVihar etiological factors. In addition to these etiological factors there is a main factor which cause lifestyle disorders is stress. All these factors which are responsible for the disturbance of Tridoshas and Dhatus are the main cause for life style disorders.
 

Ayurved is science of healthy life, which has its unique and useful basic concepts. Out of these concepts, Avedhyasira and Marma-Vigyan are important structural concepts which are described by AcharyaSushrutin SushrutaSamhitaSharirsthan and by AcharyaVagbhat in AstangHridayaSharirsthan. Without studying Avedhyasira and Marma, Surgeon cannot perform skilled and perfect surgery as well as for physician it will be definitely difficult to treat the patients without knowing the perfect location of these structures. In our present study we emphasized on Avedhyasira and Marmain the head region. Specially Adhipati and Shankhathese two structures which are studying in the text as Marma and Avedhyasira are the same, which in the modern texts are given as vital parts. With the help of correlation with modern anatomy, here we try to explain exact anatomicalstructure mentioned as Adhipati and ShankhaAvedhyasiraand sadhyapranharMarma.
In ancient time AcharyaSushrut and Vagbhat have clearly mentioned these structures from which incision should not be taken and more care should be taken as they are vital parts and fatal of life. Injury to these structures may cause death also.

Ayurveda has lot to offer to the world of health science. Ayurveda is proving its mettle with the solutions which it provides to various health issues. Research in Ayurveda is also a growing field. Though Ayurveda research is still in its infancy, the Ayurveda scholars are giving their best to reach the standards of international research. Ayurveda people have been contributing in the research area with pharmacological studies, clinical trials etc. Apart from these fields of research, there is a comparatively neglected area, and that is the literary research field. Literary research is to study the basic principle of Ayurveda. Sincere efforts are very essential to study and analyze the ancient text books as it is the base of ayurvedic treatments. Rachanasharir is one of the basic branches of Ayurveda. Many newcomers in the field of Ayurveda don’t find research in Rachanasharir very interesting. They don’t find much research gaps in this branch. The present study is intended to explore the research gaps in the field of Rachanasharir.

Boosting immunity is the new requirement of today’s world. So, the factors responsible for immunity are getting the importance.  Ojas is one of the key factors responsible for immunity.  Ojas connects the mind to the body and consciousness. It nourishes all body tissues and influences the physical, psychological and emotional life of a person directly. So, an attempt is made to study Ojas and OjovahaSrotas in details including its formation, primary seat, types, perception of Ojas according to various acharyas, symptoms of its elevation as well as depletion and how to assess it practically in the patient, ways to increase the Ojasetc.  This can help to have a deep insight of the subject and can help in the early detection of the Ojodushtilakshanas. Also, diseases including Ojodushti are given collectively in order to elaborate the practical view of the subject. 
The further scope of the study includes the pre-clinical and clinical trials of the Ojovrudhhikar drug (drugs increasing Ojas)
 

Introduction:-Cardiovascular disorders are the world's number one cause of death. A coronary heart disease (CHD) is and accounts for most of these deaths as the most prevalent form of cardiovascular diseases. Patients with coronary heart diseases and can be asymptomatic or develop chronic stable angina. Unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) are more serious manifestation of coronary heart diseases and are termed acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as “Program is designed to limit the physiologic and psychological effect of cardiac illness and also teaches the importance of life style changes to prevent recurrence of cardiac events.”Aim: - To assess the effectiveness of self instructional module on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart diseases.Objectives:1) To assess the existing  knowledge regarding cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart diseases.2) To assess the effectiveness of self-instructional module on cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart diseases.3) To find out the association of knowledge score  with selected demographic variables.Methods and Materials: The study was an interventional research approach conducted among 70 patients of coronary heart diseases from selected hospital in AcharyaVinobaBhave Rural Hospital Wardhawere used to collect data.Results: Result of the study was Mean value of pretest is 5.34 and posttest is 17.37 and standard deviation values of pretest are ± 1.29 and posttest is ±1.65. The calculated t-value is 50.88 and p-value is 0.001 and there is a substantial difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores interpreting successful self-instruction module on cardiac rehabilitation information in patients with coronary heart disease. Conclusion: According to the result of this study statistically interpreted that self-instruction module was successful for cardiac recovery among coronary heart disease patients.
 
 

Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a common cause of pain and disability, especially in the elderly.1 Osteoarthritis is a condition characterized by the progressive loss of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone. OA affects almost all joints, but the most commonly affected joints are the knee and hip joints. Objectives: Primary objective : To assess the effect of hot water application with Epsom salt to reduce knee joint pain among women. Secondary objectives:1. To assess the level of knee joint pain of urban women before hot water application with Epsom salt. 2. To assess the effect of hot water application with Epsom salt to reduce knee joint pain in osteoarthritis among urban women.3. To find out the association of knee joint pain among women with selected demographic and clinical variables. Methods: An Experimental method .Sample size: 100 Urban Women. Material: Eleven Point Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Hot Water Application with Epsom Salt.Results: The hot water application with Epsom salt has shown Highly significant difference ( t=39.41 at p<o.ooo1) between pretest and posttest with a mean +SD of 2.68± 0.67. Hence it is concluded that the hot water application with Epsom salt is effective among the urban women those who suffers from mild and moderate knee joint pain.

Background:In medical education, lecture is one of the most common teaching method. It has been suggested that teaching methods that enhance engagement and encourage self-learning concepts leading to increased knowledge.Information booklet is one of the educational materials that help individual learning.A century after its introduction into clinical practice, ECG remains one of the most commonly used tests for the assessment of cardiac conditions. Therefore ECG interpretation is an important skill, medical practitioners and nursing personnel were expected to be proficient at reading ECG changes.Research question:Is there any difference between lecture method and information booklet in improving the knowledge of staff nurses regarding interpretation of electrocardiogram? Primary objective:To study the effectiveness of lecture method verses information booklet on interpretation of electrocardiogram among staff nurses working in selected hospital. Secondary objectives were: 1) To study the existing knowledge regarding interpretation of electrocardiogram among staff nurses receiving lecture method. 2) To study the existing knowledge regarding interpretation of electrocardiogram among staff nurses receiving information booklet.Purpose:Nurses should be able to interpret ECG and implement the acquired knowledge which helps in saving the life of the patient. Lecture method is easy to understand, motivating and encourage able for nurses. Information booklet is handy, easy to take along with nurses and can clarify their doubts anywhere at anytime by information booklet.Methodology:The investigator developed the conceptual framework based on Imogine King’s Goal Attainment theory. A quantitative research approach was used with quasi experimental two group pre-test post-test design. The subject consisted of 150 staff nurses selected by Non-probability convenient sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the data which includes two sections; Section A - Demographic variables includes, Age, Gender, Professional qualification, Year of experience and the area in which they work. Section B, consist of 35 multiple choice questions which includes 16 image based questions. Validity of the tool is obtained from 12 experts and the tool was found valid. Reliability of the tool was established by test-re-test method and the reliability coefficient was r= 0.98. thus the tool was found to be reliable. The data was collected individually through paper and pencil test. The data collected were organised, tabulated and analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and ‘z’ test.Result:Comparison of post test knowledge score of participants received lecture method and information booklet on interpretation of electrocardiogram. In lecture method and information booklet no any subject had poor knowledge score. Average knowledge score is obtained only in lecture method. 4 (5.33%) of subjects in lecture method and 15 (20%) of subjects in information booklet had good knowledge score. 37 (49.33%) subjects in lecture method and 48 (64%) of subjects in information booklet had very good knowledge score. 32 (42.68%) of subjects in lecture method and 12 (16%) subjects in information booklet had excellent knowledge score. Mean, standard deviation and mean difference values are compared and z-test for difference between two means is applied at 5% level of significance. Conclusion:The difference between post-test knowledge score of subjects receiving lecture method and information booklet, lecture method was effective in increasing the knowledge regarding interpretation of electrocardiogram among staff nurses working in selected hospital.

Contraceptives provide women with a safe and effective means to avoid unwanted pregnancies or pregnancies that may place their health at risk; these pregnancies may have serious consequences, including illness, disability, and even death. Many of these deaths occur when women with unwanted pregnancies resort to unsafe abortion. Each year there are about 250 Million pregnancies globally and one third of these are unintended and 20% of these undergo induced abortion. In Low income countries, more that one third of the 182 million pregnancies is unintended; the fate of 19% will be induced abortion and 11% of this is unsafe. In low income countries, the women who do not use any contraceptive contribute to two third of unintended pregnancies, where more than 100 million married women have unmet need for contraception. Unsafe abortion has much ill effects in women's health, each year about 68,000 women die because of unsafe abortion, and millions of women end up with many complications of unsafe abortion, survey methods used for this comparative study, the sample consisted of 50, 25 from urban and 25 from rural areas. Self structuredquestionarries tools was used. The result shows that In rural group, 44% of them women had poor knowledge (Score 0-4), 52% of them had average knowledge (Score 5-8) and remaining 4% of them had good knowledge (score 9-12) regarding emergency contraceptive. In urban group, majority of 80% of the women had good knowledge (score 9-12) and 20% of them had average knowledge (score 5-8) regarding emergency contraceptive.

An individual always want to cherish their College life, as it is one of the most  memorabledays of life.  But the ongoing pandemic situation has forced the educational institutes since March 2020, and classes are held in online mode.  Both the partners of this show, students as well as teachers are missing all the fun of regular classes on campus.  This paper deals with the impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of students pursuing MBA Degree.A Self-developed questionnaire having 36 items was considered for the study.  Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify the determinants leading to Mental Health due to COVID-19.  Total 350 questionnaire was distributed, out of which 327 was received back.  Multi Regression Analysis was applied inorder to find the parameter which is more prominent in influencing mental health among the MBA students due to COVID-19.

Cardiac rehabilitation is defined as “Program is designed to limit the physiologic and psychological effect of cardiac illness and also teaches the importance of life style changes to prevent recurrence of cardiac events.” Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive treatment given in patients with cardiac disease providing elements of health education, counseling for cardiovascular risk mitigation,Physical exercise, and stress-management. There is increasing evidence that cardiac rehabilitation decreases mortality, morbidity and unplanned hospital admission, as well as improvements in exercise ability, quality of life and psychological well-being. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in patients with coronary artery disease is an important, albeit underutilized, therapy. The goal of this study was to determine the relation between CR completion and resource utilization and mortality. Discussion of this analysis focuses on what constitutes cardiac rehabilitation, as well as examples its effects on cardiovascular mortality, morbidity and quality of life

Thecorona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which originated in the city of Wuhan, China has quickly spread to various countries, with many cases having been reported worldwide of 8^th May 2020 in India, 56,342 positive cases have been reported. In India, a population of more than 1.34 billion .The second largest population in the world have difficulty in controlling the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among its population. METHOD:Multiple strategies should be highly necessary to handle the current outbreak include computational modelling, statistical tools and quantitative analyses to control the spread as well as the rapid development of a new treatment. The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of India has raised awareness about the recent outbreak and has taken necessary actions to control the spread of COVID-19. The central and state governments was taking several measures and formulating several wartime protocols to achieve the goal. Indian government implemented as 55-days lockdown of the country .He started on 25thMarch 2020 to reduce the transmission of the virus. The outbreak is inextricably linked to the economy of the nation,as it has dramatically impeded industrial sectors because people worldwide are currently cautious about engaging in business in the affected regions.
 

INTRODUCTION: The most prevalent endocrine condition in clinical practice is thyroid dysfunction, and approximately half of the population with thyroid dysfunction remains undiagnosed. In India, too the burden of thyroid diseases is significant. For normal human growth and mental development, iodine is an important micronutrient with an RDA of 100-150μg. Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) is a complex clinical and subclinical disorder triggered predominantly by insufficient intake of adequate iodine in foods. One of the most common micronutrient deficiencies globally is iodine deficiency. In clinical practice, thyroid gland enlargement is a common issue associated with iodine deficiency, an increase in the amount of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), natural goitrogen, smoking, and lack of selenium and iron. At the age of puberty, Goiter is characterized by the enlargement of the entire thyroid gland. It is found in patients who have either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism or elevated levels of TSH. The goal of the present study was to identify associations of goiter patients with thyroid hormone levels.
METHODS:The cross sectional study was carried out at SMHRC, Maharashtra India during the period of 8^th January 2020 to 7^th November 2020. We enrolled 144 patients (72study group and 72control group) aged 20-35 years with goiter (Thyroid dysfunction) and normal subject from Nagpur. In each patient, thyroid function test were determined.
RESULTS:The outcome indicates a substantial difference between goiter and control group individuals in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients. The study concluded that goiter prevalence depends on the higher and lower concentration of TSH.
CONCLUSION:This study concluded that goiter prevalence may rely on the degree of specifically normal and abnormal TSH levels of hormonal dysfunction. As possible predictors of goiter, female gender, thyroid nodules, and TSH levels were established. The presence of thyroid nodules was predicted by the female gender, TSH levels and thyroid volume. The epidemiological profile of the patients with goiter is warranted in future systematic investigation.

Introduction:  India has the highest prevalence of prediabetes, hypothyroidism, and diabetes. In females, subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is more prevalent than in men. Studies in non-diabetic hypothyroid patients have reported elevated HbA1c. Standard serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels dropping from 4.2 to 10 (mIU/L) are classified as SH.
Aim: To study the HbA1c level in the non-diabetic SH patients and to compare the HbA1c level with the controls.
Materials and Methods:This study was a case-control study conducted between September 2020 and November 2020 in the Department of Medicine at DMMC & SMHRC, Nagpur in collaboration with ABVRH, Sawangi (Meghe). For the analysis, a total of 120 participants were considered, 60 in each case and 60 in the control groups. Parents and friends of patients who were matched by age and sex were monitored.
Results: Since there was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, FBS, haemoglobin, serum T3 and serum T4 levels between the case group with subclinical hypothyroidism and the control group with normal healthy subjects, the only difference between the case and control groups was serum TSH levels.
Conclusion:Our data suggest that the non-diabetic subjects with SH show high levels of the HbA1c. Therefore, the effect of altered levels of the serum TSH on the HbA1c must be considered when interpreting the HbA1c for the diagnosis of diabetes in the SH patients

INTRODUCTION:
Iron deficiency anaemia increased when iron intake concentrations, iron reserves, and iron loss by the body was inadequate to completely sustain erythrocyte development. Anemia with iron deficiency rarely causes death, but the effect on human health is severe. This disorder is quickly diagnosed and treated in developed countries, but it is often ignored by doctors. On the other hand, in underdeveloped nations, it is a health issue that affects large portions of the population.Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) represents the glycemic status of the patient over the previous three months. Previous studies have reported that, independent of glycemia, iron deficiency can increase HbA1C concentrations.
Aim:This study is aimed to analyze the effect of iron deficiency anemia on HbA1c levels inanaemicpopulation and compare with healthy individuals.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 50 patients of iron deficiency anemia and 50 healthysubjectsas the control group. This is a cross-sectional investigation wherein cases were out-patients. Patients went to the Directly Observed Treatment Short-course focus in the Dept. of General Medicine, DattaMeghe Medical college, SMHRC, Nagpur in collaboration with JNMC, ABVRH (DattaMegheInstitute of MedicalSciences Deemed To Be University), Sawangi, Wardha, Maharashtra.
RESULT:HBA1cour  results  suggested  that  IDA  was  associated  with higher  concentrations  of  HbA1c.The  mean  HbA1c  of cases   was   6.81 %   while   it   was   5.04 %   in healthy control.  Application  of  statistical  test  shows  that  the difference of HbA1c  between case  and control group was statistically significant.CONCLUSION:In this study, we observed a positive association between IDA and elevated HbA1C level in non diabetic population. HbA1C rises with severity of anaemia. In iron depletion, this spurious elevation of HbA1C contributes to over or under diagnosis of diabetes at the cutoff point (6.5 percent).

INTRODUCTION:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern, and for the assessment of patients with CKD, estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is vital. Serum biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and serum cystatin C, have been commonly used to test renal function in patients who have chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is necessary to recognise the elevated risk of CKD progression to delay the deterioration of kidney failure and to plan for the evolution to end-stage renal disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare serum cystatin C and creatinine diagnostic output with measured GFR and estimated GFR in patients with CKD.
METHODS:This study was conducted at SMHRC, Maharashtra India throughout the period of September 2019 to August 2020. We enrolled 100patients (50 males and 50 females) aged 40-60years with CKD stages2–5from Nagpur. In each patient, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C were determined. Serum cystatin C was measured with a particle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay (PENIA) method. The detection methods for SCr were the enzymatic method and the Jaffe’s method. GFR was measured using diethylenetriaminepenta aceticacid (DTPA) renal scan method.
Results: In females, serum cystatin C had significantly greater diagnostic specificity than serum creatinine. In males, no distinction between serum cystatin C and serum creatinine was observed. Serum cystatin C's diagnostic accuracy was significantly greater than that of creatinine.
Conclusion: In young and elderly patients with CKD, serum cystatin C showed a high correlation with measured GFR compared with creatinine. Cystatin C is therefore a good alternative marker for CKD patients compared to creatinine. Our findings show that in patients with mild to moderately impaired kidney function, serum cystatin C is a reliable marker of GFR and has greater diagnostic accuracy than serum creatinine and measured clearance of creatinine.
 

INTRODUCTION:Thyroid hormones are essential throughout life for the regulation of development, calorigenesis, and metabolic rate. They operate on almost all organs in the body, including the gut and the visceral, so disturbances in the function of the thyroid may have gastrointestinal manifestations and concomitant effects on the immune system on body tissues. It is possible that cytokines play an important role in thyroid autoimmune disease. IL-6 is a 26 KD protein that is produced by fibroblasts, endothelial cells, monocytes, and T lymphocytes. Typically, hyperthyroidism can cause limited serum calcium elevation. In up to 20 percent of patients with hyperthyroidism, asymptomatic serum calcium elevation has been reported and is due to increased bone resorption and subsequent release of calcium from the bone into the bloodstream.There are well-known effects of thyroid hormones on mitochondrial oxygen intake. Total antioxidant status (TAS) provides information on all antioxidants in the organism, while Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of lipid peroxidation that is used to measure lipid peroxidation due to increased oxidative stress.
METHODS:The study was carried out at SMHRC, Maharashtra India during the period of August 2019 to May 2020. We enrolled 150patients (50 hyperthyroidism Female, 50 hypothyroidism Female and 50 normal females) aged 25-50 years. The control subjects and patient groups were not taking any medication that affect thyroid metabolism.Serum IL-6 was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.MDA was estimated by TBA method.
Results: In hyperthyroid women's cells, the development of IL-6 by blood mononuclear cells was higher. Substantial increased levels of IL-6 were observed in untreated hyperthyroid patients relative to healthy controls (p<0.001). Hyperthyroidism may be associated with hypercalcemia symptoms. Compared to controls, MDA was elevated in hypothyroid patients.
Conclusion: We found that serum IL-6 increased in hyperthyroidism patients, but reduced in hypothyroidism patients, and normal in control group. The correlation of hypercalcemia with hyperthyroidism should be known to the clinician. These findings indicate an increased malondialdehyde in hypothyroid states, which can be clarified by both the inadequate rise in antioxidant level and the altered lipid metabolism in these cases. This may promote early diagnosis and effective intervention.

INTRODUCTION:
The major causes of cancer and death from kidney failure among males worldwide are tobacco consumption such as smoking and chewing. Excessive morbidity and mortality from a number of diseases are associated with smoking. In cross-sectional studies and in selected population samples, the link between cigarette smoke and albuminuria has already been seen. In Caucasian populations with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, it has been shown that cigarette smoking raises the risk of microalbuminuria. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine microproteinuria and other renal functions in smokers and to determine whether smoking is associated with an increased risk of renal disease.
Material and Methods: The present study included 100 subjects of age group 35-55 years. Out which 75 were cigarette smokers and 25 were normal healthy control. Microalbuminuria was estimated by biochemistry fully auto-analyzer.This study is based in part on secondary data from a cross-sectional analysis of this study population that has been presented in detail previously.
Results:In the current study, relative to non-smokers, we observed substantial increased levels of urinary albumin and urinary albumin creatinine ratio in cigarette smokers. The level of microalbuminuria and urinary albumin creatinine ratio was directly linked to smoking levels. Among smokers, 55 had microalbuminuria (> 20 mg / L) and 45 had an increased ratio of creatinine to urinary albumin. The level of urea, creatinine, creatinine clearance was comparable.
Conclusion: The creatinine ratio of urine albumin and urinary albumin is directly linked to the amount of cigarettes smoked each day. Smokers have a 4-fold higher microalbuminuria rate than nonsmokers.

Background: one of the major causes of infertility is a defective sperm. The male factor of couple infertility is estimated to be about 25 percent to 50 percent. Sperm DNA integrity is important to successful fertilization and the normal development of embryos. Furthermore, sperm oxidative stress (OS) is associated with decreased sperm motility, decreased acrosome reaction, DNA damage and lower levels of implantation for in vitro fertilization.
Materials and Methods:  The study was conducted on two groups of 40 infertile men and 40 fertile men. Blood sample and semen sample was collected.
Result:Seminal MDA was highly increased found in infertile men compared to fertile healthy men and serum level of antioxidant are low in infertile men as compare to fertile healthy men.
Conclusion:The present study concludes that oxidative stress was involved in low sperm quality and male infertility's etiological agent, they should take the antioxidant rich diet and antioxidant therapy to boost infertility, and the measurement of MDA could be a useful diagnostic tool to assess oxidative stress.

Introduction:Obesity is a health and dietary problem in both developed and developing countries, Obese people have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular, hypertensive, dyslipidaemia and cancer. This would also increase the frequency of oxidative stress due to the difference in the number of oxidants and antioxidants, which contributes to unpaired mitochondria and β oxidation, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species.Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and non- antioxidants such as vitamin C, E act as free scavengers, therebyreducing oxidative stress. Thus, we aimed to study Antioxidant levels in this study mainly, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 Obese patients and 100 healthy controls and thelevels of Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E are measured before and after giving supplements.
Results:In obese patients Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were 142.15±21.31, Glutathione Peroxidase levels were 1.941±2.36, Vitamin C levels were 0.29±0.08 and Vitamin E levels were 3.906±1.31 which is lower than normal range.
Conclusion:Present study concludes that estimation of antioxidant capacity is used as one of the biological markers for monitoring oxidative stress in obese persons.

INTRODUCTION:
AIM: correlation of clinical profile and hypothyroidism in female patients at Nagpur region
MATERIAL:This was a cross-sectional study. 220 females’ patients of hypothyroidism attending fromMedicine OPD and IPD were selected for the present study during Dec 2019 to Nov 2020. Demographic details of patientswere recorded for age. Clinical history of patients was noted in detail and their general examination was conducted.
RESULT:On basis of symptoms as per age group.Weight gain was more prevalent in patients within age group of 26-30 followed by age group of 36-40 and the numbers were less below 20 age group. Dry skin was found more in age group of 26-30 and 55 and above patients, only 3 patients within age group of 30 -40 were found to have constipation. Cold intolerance was seen in patients within age group of 26-30, 31-35 and 46-50. Depression was more common between age group of (31-35) followed by (21-25) & (41-45). Menstrual problem was common between age group of (21-25) followed by (26-30) and few cases was only seen in age group below 20 and age group of (41-45). Dyspnoea was common in age group above 55. Levels of T3 were high between ae group of (41-45) followed by age group above 50 and decreased in between age group of (46-50). T4 level was high between age group of (36-40) followed by (26-30) and low between age group of (21-25). TSH level was increased in cases with age group above 50, followed byage group of(31-35)& (21-25) lowered between age group of (46-50).  Level of TCH was increased in age group above 50 and lowered between age group of below 20. Triglycerides levels was increased between age group of (41-45) and decreased between age group below 20. HDL levels were found to be decreased with increasing age as it was decreased in age above 50 as compared to age below 20.
CONCLUSION:Weight gain may directly be associated with hypothyroidism as Thyroid hormone regulates metabolism in both animals and humans. Present findings reveal old age is more affected. Any patient presenting with weight gain, dry skin,dyspnoea, constipation, cold intolerance, depression, menstrual abnormalities should be suspected of hypothyroidism.

INTRODUCTION:Needle stick injury is defined as a type of injury, caused during improper handling of hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, intravenous stiles, and needles that are used to connect parts of intravenous delivery systems. Indeed, NSIs are most preventable occupational hazards; it is also regarded as common hazards among health care individuals.
AIM: To find out the prevalence of needle stick injury among different categories of health care workers.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: A hospital based cross sectional study, was designed to observe the prevalence of needle stick injury among various health care workers of a tertiary level care hospital in Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre in collaboration with Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital Wardha. Study period was six months.
RESULT AND OBSERVATION:Majority of participants were aged between 25-45 years of age, which was around (n=130, 68.8%), followed by professional above age of >45 years of age (n=32, 16.9%). On the basis of work experience of healthcare personnel; it was observed that, more than 70% of the health care personnel (n=135) had an exposure to needle stick injuries.
CONCLUSION:Present study concludes that proportion of NSIs were high among HCWs, even though, having the knowledge about handling the needles and sharps. Training and management of needles and sharps must be introduced in effective way to minimize NSIs, for improving health and performance of healthcare individuals.

Background: Vertical sutures between two halves of the frontal bone that stretch from the anterior fontanelle (bregma) to the nasion are metopic sutures. It is called metopism when the full suture persists between bregma and nasion, while if only a small part persists, it is called incomplete metopic suture.
Aims & Objectives: The present study is aimed at the presence of recurrent metopic sutures in different types in Central Indian adult skulls.
Materials and Methods: The current research was carried out using 100 dry human skulls from the Department of Anatomy & Forensic Medicine obtained from adults. The skulls and their morphological differences were closely investigated for the presence of metopic suture.
Results: 100 adult dry human skulls were analysed in the current study, of which 27 (27 percent) of the skulls displayed recurrent metopic sutures. In 6 (6 percent) of cases, full metopic suture (metopism) was observed. Persistent incomplete metopic sutures were revealed in 17 (17 per cent) of skulls. In 6 (6 percent) of cases, the linear form was observed among the morphological variations. The occurrence of U shaped variation & V shaped variation was shown by 3 skulls each.
Conclusion: Continuous metopic sutures are often misdiagnosed as fractures, so radiologists, forensic specialists, and neurosurgeons must have knowledge of metopic suture and its variations.

Background: Palatal-Rugae refer to the ridges on either side of the median palatal raphe & on the anterior part of the palatal mucosa, behind the incisive papilla. Numerous studies on various individuals have identified definiterugal trends within each group.
Aim: The different patterns of Palatal-Rugae among the individuals of Central India are studied, evaluated & documented & compared with the patterns described in the literature that can assist as an additional method of identification in cases of crime or mass disasters.
Material & Methods: Pre-orthodontic casts of 200 samples (100 males & 100 females) have been selected. The method for defining the pattern of rugae used was Thomas et al. The different types of rugae among males & females have been analyzed statistically in the literature & compared with other studies.
Results: A statistically insignificant (p >0.05) higher mean primary rugae score was observed in males (7.32 ± 2.78) while higher secondary (3.72 ± 2.24) & tertiary (2.88 ± 1.36) rugae score were observed in females. Both genders displayed predominance in the wavy shape of distribution (males= 4.76 ± 1.64 & females= 4.18 ± 1.56). Commonly observed trends converged (58%) in males & diverged patterns (62%) among females in the unification mode, which was statistically significant (p= 0.04).
Conclusions: The findings showed a clear rugal pattern in this group, relative to other individuals reported in the literature. Palatal-Rugalpatterns are definitely associated with geographic variation & may act as an additional tool for assisting in forensic identification procedures.

Holistic health is looking beyond the physical body and is addressing physical, emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual health. In autism there is social, social, emotional, and sometimes intellectual health impairment is observed in the child. It affects boys more than girls and actually exact number of children living with autism is not known. In autistic child there are 3 core symptom interactions observed; Social interaction difficulties, Communicationdifficulties and, Behavioral problems. Autism can occur as a result of genetic mutation, environmental risk factors during pregnancy, paternal age at higher site.
The present study describes the case of childhood autism visited at Datta Meghe Ayurvedic Hospital. Child was diagnosed clinically and has been treated with Ayurvedic interventions, Panchakarma therapies and diet modification. Child has got relief symptomatically within one week of therapy started. Case study briefly explained Ayurvedic concepts regarding childhood autism and Ayurvedic treatment protocols in autistic disorder.

BACKGROUND: - Stressors have a major influence upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior, and health. Acute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. OBJECTIVES -To assess the level of stress among caregivers of individuals with mental disorders attending psychiatric OPD of selected hospitals in the city .To associate the level of stress among caregivers of individuals with mental disorders with selected demographic variables.METHODS - A descriptive research design was used to accomplish the objectives. Sample size: - 100 caregivers for the toolA pilot study was conducted on 10 samples to refine the methodology and find the feasibility of the study.100 caregivers  of individualswith mental disorders who fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected for the main studyRESULT- According to the results,75% of caregivers have moderate level of stress and 25% had severe level of stress. Andhighest stress score were in the area of role performance with modified mean i.e. 2.15 so, caregivers may perceive challenges regarding the caring of individuals with mental disorders.

Obesity is one of the most serious health problem of current scenario. Prevalent in both developed and developing countries and affecting children as well as adults. Obesity is a key risk factor in occurrence of other chronic and non-communicable disease. Adverse effect of obesity to found in population are hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease and glucose intolerance. 1.3% of males and 2.5% of females aged more than 20 years were obese in the year 2008. Obesity is mainly caused by combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetic susceptibility. Obesity has reached epidemic proportion in India with morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country’s population. In Ayurveda Charka Samhita has mentioned Atisthaulya is in Santarpanjanyaroga.Charka has also mentioned MadhuHaritaki as one of the Chikitsa for SantarpanjanyarogaHaritaki is Rasayana, Laghu and Ruksha in Guna ,Madhura in Vipaka , Ushna in Virya , Tridoshashamaka, Anulomaka&Madhu is Sandhana , Chedana, Rukshaand Madhur & Kashaya in Rasa.so it may help to reduce obesity & avoid further serious health problem .  

The perimenopause period is characterized by a gradual extinction of ovarian function, during which hypoluteinism is replaced by anovulation with relative hyperestrogenia and then hypoestrogenia. At any stage of perimenopause, there is a high probability of the formation of menstrual dysfunction, in particular, abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The frequency of AUB
in premenopause reaches 60-70% among gynecological diseases [5, 12, 18]. Today, hysteroscopy is becoming increasingly important as a method for detecting intrauterine pathology in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. [11.13]. The pathology of the endometrium and uterine cavity is represented by hyperplastic processes, uterine body leiomyoma, developmental abnormalities (Müller's abnormalities), inflammatory and immunopathological conditions, tumor processes that are clinically manifested by abnormal bleeding, as well as changes in neighboring organs and systems resulting from tumor damage.

Plant based preparation have been used to treat illness and beautifying the skin from ancient time. Basella alba is one of the important leafy vegetable species belongs toBasellaceaefamily have been used in traditional medicine system to treat several disorders in India. Apart from therapeutic use, it is the rich sources ofmany nutrients and
antioxidant compounds which can be used to protect the skin from UV rays. The current work involves the evaluation of sun protection factor (SPF) of various extracts viz alcoholic, ethyl acetate and methanolic of Basella alba plant. All extracts were prepared via hot extraction using soxhlet and the total phenolic content and total flavonoid contents and sun protection factor (SPF) were calculated. Among all methanolic leaf extract showed the highest value i.e., 533.28 ± 0.16, 446.02 ± 0.1 and 12.04 ±0.011 value of total phenolic content, total flavonoid contents and SPF value respectively.

The issue immigration has troubled the state of Assam for decades now. It has deep impact on the socioeconomic and political life of the state. Further, it is adversely affecting the demographic structure of the state; creating law and order problem wherever they are present in sizeable number. At the very outset, the native people fear that the unchecked migration from across the border, particularly from Bangladesh will subvert their way of life and change the demographic profile of the state in the near future. This paper traces the impact of immigration on the society and politics of Assam. Based on insights from the immigration discourse of Assam, the author offers certain policy recommendations to deal with the immigrant issue in Assam

In this review collected from the literature on usage of laser in oral minor surgery based on a Medline search in the time period between the years: 2008 and 2013, the most current evidence on laser-assisted oral minor surgery is going to be surveyed. Lasers in oral surgery are much useful in almost all surgical procedures in dentistry. More developed and innovative lasers are available in commercial markets. Dentists will be more knowledgeable if they tend to attend seminars regarding lasers to get used to the latest technologies. Laser is a monochromatic, collimated, coherent, and intense beam of light produced by stimulated emission of radiation from a light source. Lasers are classified according to different factors among which is the classification based on laser active medium such as gas, liquid, solid and semiconductor, which identifies and distinguishes the type of emitted laser beam.

Background:There are various routes in drug delivery system including intra-venous, intra-muscular, oral, sublingual etc. In all these routes time of action of drug, life of the drug differs. In oral route the drug is absorbed into circulation then it is metabolised in liver and then only the action of drug begins. As in transdermal patches the action of the drug is slow but has a long life i.e.., the effect of drug in the body is long compared to other routes. Dental pain is very common in orthodontic treatment due to the movement of the tooth and the pressure exerted by the orthodontic system. So this study will involve in evaluation of pain relief in patients taking tablets verses patients who are not taking tablets verses patients using transdermal patch undergoing orthodontic treatment Aim: To analyse the analgesic effect of transdermal patch in patients who are undergoing orthodontic treatment Materials and methods: 20 selected randomly after the placement of initial niti wire in mild crowding .1-4mm little irregularity index without extraction of teeth were selected for the study. Among that 10 were given trans- dermal patch (NUPATCH-DICLOFENAC SODIUM) and other 10 were not given trans-dermal patch. Pain intensity was noted using pain chart which was given to the patient and collected after 2 days. Pain was noted in time interval of 1hour, 4 hour, 1 day and 2 day. All the data were collected, which was computed and Statistics was done Results : All the data were statistically analyzed using spss software and the mean were analysed. It is found that that the analgesic dermatological patch has a good action in reducing dental pain , due to its long half life period and less systemic toxicity. Conclusion : Use of transdermal patch has a significant analgesic effect. This study reveals that transdermal patch had a significant analgesic effect and can also be used in routine dental practice.

The aim of this study is to determine the understanding regarding the relationship between malocclusion and TMJ problems among dental students. The purpose of this study is to create awareness and determine the understanding of the relationship between malocclusion and TMJ problems among dental students. This study was conducted based on a questionnaire which consists of 10 questions through a web-linked application called Survey Monkey. A convenient sample size of 100 consecutive dental students who are currently practicing in Chennai participated in the study. As an overall result, most of the participants are aware of the relationship between malocclusion and TMJ problems. As a conclusion, awareness on the relationship between malocclusion and TMJ problems among dental students in Chennai is adequate but certain knowledge has to be brushed up among them for a higher level. Furthermore, they need to be trained on these grounds to help them treat their patients with more consent and awareness.

INTRODUCTION:The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is grouped to the genus Lentivirus within the family of Retroviridae, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae .On the basis of genetic characteristics and differences in the viral antigens, HIV is classified into the types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) . Before 1996, few antiretroviral treatment options for HIV-1 infection existed. The clinical management of HIV-1 largely consisted of prophylaxis against common opportunistic pathogens and managing AIDS-related illnesses. AIM : To assess the knowledge and awareness of antiretroviral drugs in HIV patients among dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire was designed and distributed to 100 dental students. Questionnaire includes email address, questions aboutART, objectives of ART, group of antiretroviral drugs and newer drug for treating HIV infection. Data was collected, statistically analysed and results were obtained. RESULTS: Among the study population, majority (90%) aware of antiretroviral therapy (ART) whereas 9% of the study population not sure about antiretroviral therapy and 1% of the study population not aware of antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSION: The findings observed in our study showed that awareness and knowledge of antiretroviral drugs for HIV patients among dental students were high. But, dental students were not aware of recent drug approved for adult patient living with HIV who tried multiple medications and whose HIV infection cannot be successfully treated.

Background Precision attachment is one of the attachment, usually used in long-span fixed partial denture. It has historic value of advantage. It is the combination of cast-partial(removable partial denture) and fixed partial denture. It is usually used in ares of cantilever as precision attachment provide equal and balanced force distribution to the retainers. The precision attachment needs more sound practical and theoretical knowledge by the professional. So this is a technique sensitive procedure. This study involves accessing the awareness about the use of precision attachment in fixed partial denture among the dental students. Aim: To access the awareness about precision attachment among dental students Materials and Methods 206 students across different institution in and around Chennai were accessed. Survey plant an online live survey software was used in the survey. Series of questions were computed and was shared among students across different dental institutions. The percentage of each category(first year, second year, third year, final year, intern, postgraduate students) of students was accessed separately. Results The results were obtained using the survey planet software.In the present study there were of 206 participants. Of which 12% were 1 year, 22% were second year, 32% were third year, 23.3% were final year, 18.6% were postgraduates.68% of the students were aware about use of precision attachments in fixed partial dentures. Conclusion The students were moderately aware of precision attachment use in Fixed partial dentures. In the era of developing implantology students should also know about the other prosthetic replacement. This will enable the students to do a perfect treatment plan.

INTRODUCTION: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is grouped to the genus Lentivirus within the family of Retroviridae, subfamily Orthoretrovirinae .On the basis of genetic characteristics and differences in the viral antigens, HIV is classified into the types 1 and 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2). The HIV genome consists of two identical single-stranded RNA molecules that are enclosed within the core of the virus particle. The genome of the HIV provirus also known as proviral DNA, is generated by the reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome into DNA, degradation of the RNA and integration of the double-stranded HIV DNA into the human genome. AIM : To assess the knowledge of structural biology of HIV among dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire was designed and distributed to 100 dental students. Questionnaire includes email address,questions aboutstructure of HIV, genes and enzyme associated with HIV. Data was collected, statistically analysed and results were obtained. RESULTS: Among the study population, majority (82%) aware that HIV belongs to genus Lentivirus whereas 18% of the study population told that HIV belongs to genus retrovirus. Among the study population, majority (80%) aware that HIV genome contains 3 structural genes whereas 18% of the study population told that HIV genome contains 2 structural genes and 1% of the study population told that HIV genome contains 1 structural gene. CONCLUSION: The results observed in our study showed that awareness of structural biology of HIV among dental students were high. Dental students were also aware of enzymes, structural and non structural genes associated with HIV.

Biocompatibility is the ability of a material to elicit a biological response, when applied to the body, without causing a chronic inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction or toxicity, is related to the interaction of the cell or any biomaterial. A few materials are completely inert from the physiological point of view since, most of the components with a variety of potential toxicity. In addition, chemical reactions during cure of the material may also produce undesirable effects. In order to increase knowledge about the characteristics and properties of materials and their interaction with the biological environment, this study aimed, through literature review, guide and inform didactically professionals and academics on the importance of biocompatibility of restorative materials more direct use in dental practice: amalgam, composite resins and glass ionomer cements.

Background: Calculus is the mineralised matrix of plaque present on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity. The breakdown of proteins within dental plaque releases ammonia and carbon dioxide which increases salivary pH and lowers the precipitation constant. Precipitation of the calcium phosphate salts within the plaque facilitates calculus formation. In order to prevent plaque accumulation after oral prophylaxis, chlorhexidine mouthwash is routinely prescribed. However, common side effects of brown staining of the teeth and calculus formation have been seen to occur with frequent use. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of two anti-calculus tootpastes subsequent to chlorhexidine use. Materials and methods: 90 patients with calculus formation were selected for the study and broadly categorised into two groups. Following oral prophylaxis, one group of patients used the anti-tartar toothpaste XTAR-TM (ICPA, India) with the active ingredient potassium pyrophosphate while the other used Colgate Total (Colgate-Palmolive) with the active ingredient triclosan. Within this group, the patients were further divided into 3 sub-groups: the first using only the toothpaste, the second using the toothpaste and chlorhexidine mouthwash for a week and the third group that used chlorhexidine for two weeks along with the toothpaste. The calculus accumulation on the lower anteriors was recorded preoperatively and post-operatively using the Volpe-Manhold index. All the indices and the pockets were measured from baseline to the end of 2 weeks. Results:Accessing the two week statistical data we were able to find a good prognosis in use of the potassium pyrophosphate tooth paste in comparing the triclosin tooth paste. After the use of chlorhexidine there was a little positivity at the end of second week. Among that group potassium pyrophosphate had better prognosis even after the use of chlorhexidine for 1 week Conclusion:Use of Anti- calculus has a good prognosis of periodontium along with the use of the chlorhexidine mouth wash. Effect of triclosin on prevention of calculus is minimal but when used with it has a better action. General oral hygiene maintenance by the candidates is important which act as a main criteria for the plaque formation; better oral hygiene prevent the accumulation of the plaque thereby preventing calculus formation

Coronavirus disease caused by SARS-COV2, a potentially fatal disease has become a global public health concern. As the understanding of this novel disease is evolving, dental students and professionals should have an in-depth knowledge and understanding and should be updated with the practices that have to be adapted to identify a possible COVID-19 infection .Not only knowledge but also an update on diagnostics, treatment ,variant ,side effects will be required to survive the infection on the upper hand .Knowledge of diagnostic tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still evolving, and a clear understanding of the nature of the tests and interpretation of their findings is important.The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of diagnostic tests for COVID-19 among dental students.This questionnaire containing 10 questions regarding awareness about the diagnostic test were given to 100 students including interns , final year students ,and third year students through google forms and responses were collected and results were tabulated using SPSS software.In this survey 79.8% were females and 20.2% were males. 16.2% were third years, 12.2% were final years , 34.3 % were interns and 37.4% were post graduates. 66.6% of the students know PCR is used for diagnosing and detecting viruses responsible for COVID 19 and 33.4% don't know that PCR is a key test for diagnosing COVID and detecting viruses.7-11 The study concluded the respondents had moderate awareness about the diagnostic tests for COVID-19.

Personal hygiene among children is considered as the best tool to improve community strategies and intervention practices to tackle the many communicable and infectious diseases. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The participants were school children who are 10-14-year olds. A questionnaire was used to collect information about demographic characteristics, and then the children were interviewed and inspected regarding their general hygiene, including the state of their uniform or clothes, bathing, oral care, hand washing before and after eating, hand washing after use of toilet, covering one’s mouth when sneezing and coughing, appropriate disposal of solid tissue and unkempt hair or nails. The prevalence of cleanliness and neatness among school children was 76.7%. Furthermore, these improved with age. Poor oral hygiene (47.6%) and not washing hands after eating (47.1%) followed by unkempt hair (44.0%) were the main types of poor personal hygiene. Health promotion programmes and health education lectures should be implemented for children and their families. School nurses, school staff and parents also have an important role in teaching the children how to practice good personal hygiene.

Aim: Insilico Interaction of Bioactive Compounds from Clove againstOral Candida albicans biofilm drug targets. Materials and methods: All the 3D models were obtained from PubMed and the final analysis was produced by two systems, mainly chemsketch and GOLD protein-ligand docking. Results : Here in this study we have tried to find the best compatible bio active compound of clove towards the target. Out of 5 Bioactive compounds from clove Eugenol acetate O4,O3 showed the highest docking score having h bond score to be 2.888(O4) , 2.653(O3). Conclusion: In most of the cases the docking the H bond value must be considered must be considered because the hydrogen bonds are stronger than van-der-walls bond and weaker than covalent bond as H bonds have the ability to create a bond or break a bond easily in this study we r trying to read the compatibility between the bioactive compounds and the target compound in this case its Candida albicans biofilm. Further the the research can be extended to wet lab work for further details.

INTRODUCTION: Superinfection is highly relevant to the disciplines of public health and immunology because it indicates that primary infection may provide only limited cross-immunity against re-exposure to a new strain of the virus. Development of a prophylactic vaccine may be more challenging if superinfection with a particular virus is common.HIVsuperinfection occurs when an HIV-infected individual becomes re-infected with a new phylogenetically distinct viral HIV strain. AIM: Aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of superinfection in HIV individuals among dental students and dental practitioners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire was designed and distributed to 105 dental students and practitioners. Questionnaire includes email address, year of study, and questions about knowledge of superinfection in HIV individuals and various methods of detecting superinfection in HIV individuals. Data was collected, statistically analysed and results were obtained. RESULTS: Among the study population, majority of the study population (91.4%) aware that superinfection can occur in HIV individuals, whereas 7.6% of the study population not sure about the superinfection and 1.9% of the study population not aware of superinfection that occur in HIV individuals. CONCLUSION: Most of the dental students and dental practitioners (91.4%) were aware of superinfection in HIV individuals. The results observed in our study showed that most of the dental students (third year, final year, intern) aware about dual infection, types of dual infection, difference between superinfection and coinfection and various diagnostic assays for superinfection in HIV individuals.

Obesity is a chronic medical condition associated with various oral health problems. The worldwide prevalence of obesity is 27.8%. Since obesity has a high prevalence worldwide, it is considered and prioritized as a major issue with regard to the economics of developed nations. Obesity is a disease with multiple aetiological factors, with genetics and specific obesity-related genes playing key roles. Due to the recent trends associated with urbanization, including increased refined food product consumption, unhealthy dietary habits, and a lack of physical activity, obesity is spreading fast. Obesity has been identified as a risk factor for various systemic diseases, including hypertension, cardio- vascular disease, metabolic diseases, osteoarthritis, respiratory difficulties, and some oral diseases, such as periodontal disease.The aim of the study is to accesses the prevalence of obesity among dental students of a private dental college.The study involve acessesing the obesity of various dental students using BMI index. All the data collected was computed in excel formal and statistical analysis was done.The study was conducted to accesses a change in 6 months period. All the data was statistically significant. After statistical analysis it was found that there was significant change between the initial and the data collected six months after. Thus in the current study it was observed the mean variation of the weight, food pattern and the BMI of each students and was found to have significant higher variation.

COVID-19 is the disease supported by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which causes a severe form of pneumonia. Due to the pathophysiological characteristics of the COVID-19 the particular transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, and the high globalization of our era, the epidemic emergency has spread rapidly all over the world. Human-to-human transmission seems to occur mainly through close contact with symptomatic people affected by COVID-19, and the main way of contagion is only through the inhalation of respiratory droplets, for example when patients talk, sneeze or cough.The dental practitioners are particularly exposed to a high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection because they cannot always respect the interpersonal distance of more than a meter and are exposed to saliva, blood, and other body fluids during surgical procedures. Moreover, many dental surgeries can generate aerosol, and the risk of airborne infection is to be considered higher. The questionnaire was shared among students pursuing dentistry which contained a set of 10 questions . The questions were about duration , practice on PPE and how aware and protected the students are during treating the patients.88% of them agreed that the gloves they wear protect them from viral pathogens and 5% did not agree and 7% of them were not sure about it .90% of them were trained on personal protective equipment whereas 10% of them were not trained before.This study observed good awareness regarding the practice of using protective equipment during dental treatment among the respondents.

In the discourses of literary analysis the theme of identity is a prominent one. As it is the phenomenon through which a human being gets access into the physical world of existence. But sometimes he/she may suffer from uncertainties and confusions into which his/her identity becomes insecure and suffers from subsequent identity crisis. The Lowland by diaspora writer Jhumpa Lahiri is such kind of novel. It was published in 2013. The plot is centered around two significant events i.e. Marxism and nostalgic sentiment of the characters. The recollections of the characters lead the readers to feel about native land. In this novel The Lowland Jhumpa Lahiri has centered her perspectives on the political aspects of postcolonial India. The novel examines lives and conflicts across India and America spanning over fifty years, leading the narrative technique of shifting between two geographical locations and the past and present. Jhumpa Lahiri’s works are a spontaneous outlet of her personal life. She was born in India; her parents were Bengali descendants, brought up on the eastern coast. This critical paper attempts to give a thorough analysis of Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Lowland. The issue of identity is conspicuous in the novel and various characters could be analyzed with respect to this. Among many characters one such major character is Gauri, an Indian woman. She became widow and married the brother of her ex-husband. When after marriage of Gauri the couple moved to USA, she started finding her unprecedented multiple (possibly present and the future) identities. Hence, the critical paper endeavors in discussing Gauri’s changes of identity and subsequent crisis throughout the narrative. The discussional article is grounded on theory of identity and its pertinent ideas. It uncovers how migration became a remarkable experience and influenced identity of Gauri.

The leading example of Afro- American novel writer Toni Morrison belonged to an excellent wordsmith, a political worker, a dedicated scholar and an honest humanitarian. Toni Morrison has recently earned the highest appreciations for literary excellence and for her distinguished career as an academic. She is also an economist, a Nobel Prize laureate, and a winner of the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Moreover, she was also awarded with an Honorary Degree of Doctor of Literature from the Universities of Oxford, Rutgers, and Geneva. Toni Morrison's professional resume is both academic and artistic accomplishments, but her enduring accomplishment is her literary legacy. Toni Morrison's writing is completely fluid and impressive. Her novels are excavations of the human psyche by uncovering the basic elements of the humanitarian soul in its cruelest and most dark scenarios. A respected voice of an acclaimed writer such as Toni Morrison can be heard from each beat of her sentences. This critical paper is an intense exploration of search for identity and entity in select novels of Toni Morrison. With this paper an endeavor has been made how the black people; especially the so-called ‘other’ who are labeled obnoxiously by the superior whites; articulate their voices in the colonized Africa. In this respect of postcolonial discourses no other writer is as copacetic as Toni Morrison in the realm of literature of Black transnational feminism.

This article reveals the interrogative aspect of question forms in English and Uzbek, including the characteristics of interrogative pronouns ‘Kim’/’Nima’ in Uzbek and ‘Who’/’What’ in English. ‘What’/‘Who’ and ‘Kim’/’Nima’ in two English and Uzbek languages by definition indicate meanings of both “interrogation”, and thus it is anticipated that the semantic characteristics of these forms will not differ significantly. When studying the semantic characteristics of both ‘who/kim’ and ‘what/nima’ are listener-oriented interrogative sentences with strong communicativity possess the commonality in English and Uzbek. It is analyzed, the status of interrogative words “Who’ and ‘What’ (WH-words) for interrogative interpretations in English and Uzbek, including the derivation of constituent questions evolves from a specific interplay of syntactic representations with pragmatics. The given examples in English and Uzbek to compare the interrogative pronouns in morphological usage verify the evident distinctions. However, one perceives many differences when examining the morphologic characteristics of interrogative pronouns ‘Who’ and “What’ in both English and Uzbek languages. In a cross-linguistic overview, we discuss the characteristic elements contributing to the derivation of interrogatives in Uzbek. It also replies in the article that WH-words can form a constitutive part not only of interrogative, but also of exclamative and declarative clauses. Based on this, characteristic of interrogatives in exclamation and rhetoric usage the question usage does not solicit an answer.

Background: Oral health maintenance is indispensable for the upkeep of overall health, and a close association has been found between oral diseases and several systemic conditions.
Aims and objectives: To assess the status of awareness of link between oral health and systemic health among undergraduate dental and medical students.
Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was performed using a standardized questionnaire, wherein 20 questions were asked related to oral hygiene care, practice done and association of potential link between oral and various other systemic diseases like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis. A total of 300 subjects were randomly selected for the study, wherein 150 were third and final year medical students and the other 150 third and final year dental students.
Results: Dental students had more number of mean positive responses and less negative responses in comparison to their medical counterparts, and this difference was found to be statistically significant. Thereby, it is perceptible that dental students had more awareness with respect to the link between oral and systemic health. Moreover, it was also noted from the responses of the first six questions that dental students had better oral health behavior, knowledge and status than the medical students.
Conclusion: Our study shed some light on the lacunae that exists in the inter-field (medical and dental) training from the undergraduate level which can be rectified by modifying the regulations.

The studied influence ultrasonic irradiation on change the rolling charge built-in in structure lead borosilicate glasses PbO - SiO2 - B2O3 - Al2O3 - Ta2O5. It is shown that influenc ultrasonic irradiation brings about reduction of the rolling charge and improvement insulation parameter glass.

The article examines the structure and content of professional competence as the basic level of education of a teacher.Social realities and the trends in education reflecting them are characterized by the focus on specialists who are competent in their field and who have a professional pedagogical culture. Modern conditions of the educational process contain a new potential for professional development: the variability and flexibility of the educational system contributes to the optimal choice of an individual educational path and permanent professional growth. Building the logic of professional development should proceed from the laws of the educational process and the formation of the teacher's personality.

The study of molecules adsorption of different geometric and electronic structure by zeolites of different composition and structure is of great interest to study the effect on the adsorption of chemical nature of adsorbents surface. Zeolites are porous crystals, so the micropore structure of zeolites is determined with high accuracy, their adsorption properties are physical-chemical constants, which can be calculated theoretically based on the calculation of the potential interaction energy adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-adsorbent in zeolites. These data are of great interest for the development of the theory of adsorption forces and intermolecular interactions. However, the calculation of the potential energy of adsorption is difficult due to the complexity of the crystal structure and the potential field in the zeolite channels. The high benzene content degrades the environmental and technological properties of fuels. To select a highly efficient sorbent for dearomatization of fuel, studies of regularities of benzene adsorption in various zeolites are necessary. The isotherm, differential heats of benzene adsorption in zeolites LiLSX and NaLSX at 303K were measured using the adsorption calorimetry method. The adsorption isotherm is quantitatively reproduced by VOM theory equations.

The article discusses the definition of responsibility, defines the structure and its components. And also an analysis of the works of specific authors on the problem of responsibility, a variety of approaches and the ambiguity of the characteristics of this category. The functions of responsibility are considered: sense-forming, normative-regulating, directing, coordinating and mechanisms of perception of responsibility, a heuristic mechanism, an evaluative mechanism, a mechanism of due attitude, a reference mechanism, a motivational mechanism - a mechanism of self-control. Cognitive, motivational, volitional, activity-based components are considered

Internet and information and communication technologies, a high level of information competence is becoming the most important factor in the professional success of a teacher.

The article deals with the concept of formation and development of the future teacher's creative competence. And also considered the development of creative competence of the future teacher is a natural process of qualitative changes in components and includes a theoretical substantiation of the concept of "creative competence", its meaningful and structural analysis. The levels and the main line of development of creativity, which serve as stages of enrichment of the creative potential of the individual, are considered. Understanding creativity as a special type of human activity of an unregulated, productive, transformative nature, it should be recognized that creativity must be considered as one of the general human abilities - the general ability to create.

In this work, the temperature dependence of the density of states is investigated using a mathematical model. The temperature broadening of the allowed bands in semiconductors is estimated. A convenient formula for calculating the temperature dependence of the bandgap of silicon is obtained using the approximation. Comparison of the experimental curve of the temperature dependence of the band gap and the curve according to the obtained formula for silicon showed agreement.

The concept of "information culture" appeared in the scientific literature relatively recently. The main reason for its appearance is the increasing role of information, information technology and information activities in the life of society. However, the difficulty of defining this phenomenon immediately became apparent, since this concept arose on the basis of two universals: "information" and "culture", which are not unambiguously interpreted in the scientific literature

This article provides a detailed description of the concept of modifier in linguistics. It is also mentioned in the artistic discourse that the modifiers of action are placed in a prepositive and postpositive form, and in some cases they are used as input. There are also examples of remote modifiers that are rarely used in English and Uzbek. In general, the semantic and pragmatic aspects of motion modifiers in discourse are analyzed in detail.

This article provides a historical and legal analysis of the emergence and development of state awards as a type of legal incentives. Certain legal rules for the awarding of state prizes in the countries of the world are disclosed. The author's definition of the concept of "state award" is given in the meaningful, functional-legal, information-legal aspects. It was concluded that it is necessary to unite the spiritual and legal organizers of this legal incentive.

This article describes information about static simulation, a preliminary analysis of ink perception by offset printing method on papers, including synthetic polymers. The optimal choice is obtained based on the study of the model of ink perception during offset printing on printed materials, which allows predicting the ink perception of printed materials. The results of the study can facilitate orientation in determining the composition of experimental paper in its production.

The article discloses the educational, developmental and educational functions of a didactic complex of information support.The technological approach in education involves a clear statement of learning goals and methods of their guaranteed achievement, and the competence-based approach as an output result implies a certain level of formation of professional competencies.Main aspects and features of the practical implementation of the indicated stages design of information technology of education in the formation of professional competencies among university graduates The essence of information technology of education has been disclosed Analyzed scientific and scientific-methodical literature on the problem of higher professional education, made it possible to highlight certain directions in the interpretation of the essence of the concept of "information technology of education".

The article discusses the principles of increasing the density of residential buildings by including various types of residential buildings with high floors (16-18 floors) while ensuring a standardized duration of insolation of apartments. The necessary distances between the facades of the houses to ensure sanitary standards in the apartments and the functional requirements for the organization of courtyard spaces are determined

The article obtained hybrid seeds of rice using local and foreign varieties and samples for resistance to diseases and pests, shedding and lodging in field conditions, depending on biological and valuable economic characteristics, and determined the salt tolerance of the ridges on the basis of marker proteins. However, in the primary source nursery, the ridges were studied on valuable economic indicators and 10 ridges as early maturing ridges and 9 ridges as middle and late ridges were selected for use in future research as generations.

This article analyzes the fact that the ability to speak in the teaching profession is an art, one of the leading problems in the research work of well-known scientists, its current state, the need for development, from a modern point of view. The author highlights the importance of mastering the secrets of the art of public speaking in the pedagogical activity of the teacher, highlighting ways to further improve it.

The substantiation of the content of education is one of the most important and traditional problems of didactics. Taking into account the social essence and pedagogical affiliation of the educational content, it can be defined as a pedagogical model of a social order addressed to the educational system. This model has a multilevel hierarchical structure. At the highest level - the level of general theoretical representation, the content of education is fixed in the form of generalized systemic knowledge about the composition, elements, structure and functions of social experience transmitted to students. At the level of the academic subject, an understanding of the individual parts of the content that carry specific functions in education is developed. Therefore, approaches to solving the problem of the content of education depend on the social order, the goals of education and training

In this article, the ongoing process of economic reforms in the country, along with changes in the service sector and the creation of new jobs, the ongoing tradition of sustainable economic growth has provided the creation and development of objective conditions for increasing employment. Free economic zones, as an important link in the global economy, are showing their positive effect in attracting foreign investment in many countries. Free economic zones exist in different forms in different countries and are united by one feature, namely, the preferential conditions introduced in these regions. Such a favorable environment is one of the most effective ways to attract foreign investment.

This article raises the question of how complex sentences are presented in university and school textbooks, what are the basics and principles of their classification, what types of connections exist between the components of complex sentences, are there ways to bridge the gap between school and university teaching. It also talks about the grammatical tradition characteristic of compound sentences of open and closed structures

This article scientifically analyzes and substantiates the methodology of using movement games in the development of physical and psychological training of 11-12-year-old athletes in the primary training group.

The article deals with the formation of the professional competence of students of technical POU (vocational educational institution), the features of the organization of a practice-oriented educational process.

Creating its own National model of education, Uzbekistan was based on the proven experience of countries with a developed education system, including the provisions of the Bologna process.

The paper presents the results of research on the use of silicatization methods to improve the physical and mechanical properties of loess soils during construction in seismically hazardous areas. It was found that the silicatization of loess soils increases their seismic resistance, and under the studied regional conditions, the effect of silicatization is significantly higher. Certain advantages of the investigated methods and the possibility of their widespread use in the preparation of foundations for construction or their strengthening in the built-up area in seismically hazardous areas are revealed.

The introduction of new high technology in the development of the oil and gas complex significantly increases the requirements in the field of basic sciences for graduates of higher educational institutions of engineering profile. Therefore, consideration of a set of professionally oriented tasks in a mathematics course should not only establish connections with special disciplines and illustrate the effectiveness of mathematical methods, but also accumulate mathematical knowledge into a single whole, and correspond to the process of forming the basic personality characteristics of a future engineer. In this regard, this article is aimed at revealing the creative activity of students in teaching mathematics in the study and solution of professionally oriented problems and examples are given. To solve the tasks, the following methods were used: theoretical (analysis of psychological, pedagogical, scientific, methodological, scientific and technical literature on the problem of research); empirical (observation of students 'activities in the educational process; analysis of students' independent, control work; questionnaires); statistical (processing the results of a pedagogical experiment, their quantitative and qualitative analysis). The selection criteria and the functions of the POP in teaching mathematics of future engineers as a means of promoting the formation of students' creative activity have been developed and justified. The main stages, conditions and means of research and solutions of the postgraduate study have been identified in order to form students' creative activity. The materials presented in the article make it possible to develop and justify models and pedagogical conditions for the formation of creative activity of future engineers, to use in practice the methods of selection and research of postgraduate courses in teaching mathematics students of engineering specialties; The above technology helps to determine the features of the formation of creative activity of future engineers in solving the POT (professionally oriented tasks) in the study of technical processes and real phenomena as a means of integrating mathematical knowledge

Modeling the development of professional competencies of a cadet of a higher military educational institution, represented by structural and functional schemes, reveals the mechanism of implementation of the educational process in a higher military educational institution with the function of managing, modifying and evaluating the readiness of cadets for independent military professional activity.

Aim: The aim of the investigation is to establish soft tissue cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery in the population of Kerala and to compare the values obtained with Legan and Burstone soft tissue cephalometric analysis.
Materials and methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken for a total of 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females) of age group 18- 25 years, selected according to the inclusion criteria. All lateral cephalometric films were traced digitally and Legan and Burstone analysis was done using Nemoceph NX Orthodontic Cephalometric Software (version 6). The values obtained were statistically analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 16.0) and tabulated. The change in the values of different parameters were compared with the standard values of Legan and Burstone soft tissue analysis.
Results: The study revealed almost all the values as statistically significant hence necessitating the importance of this study. The norms are discussed under facial form and lip position.When the values derived for facial form from Kerala population was compared with original Caucasian norms all the values obtained were found to be significant except lower vertical height depth ratio with a highly significant difference for vertical height ratio and lower face- throat angle. When the lip position and form was compared with the Caucasian norms, all the values were significant except the vertical lip- chin ratio with highly significant values for the upper lip protrusion, lower lip protrusion, mentolabial sulcus, maxillary incisor exposure and inter labial gap. Thus a different set of soft tissue cephalometric norms was necessary for Kerala population which can aid the clinicians for diagnosis and treatment planning and the present study has formed a norm which could be used for future reference for patients undergoing orthognathic surgery.
Conclusion: COGS (Cephalometrics for Orthognathic surgery) can be used as the cephalometric norms for orthognathic surgery across the world in order to know the variation from normal and to bring these values to normal or near normal by orthognathic surgery.
Clinical significance: This present study has helped to form a new norm for this population for orthognathic surgery using COGS (Cephalometrics for Orthognathic surgery) which could be useful in future for knowing the variation from normal and to bring these values to normal or near normal by orthognathic surgery.

Background: The present study was conducted to compare peri implant soft tissue and crystal bone status of dental implant placed in pre diabetic, diabetic and non diabetic individuals.
Materials & Methods: 60 patients were divided into 3 groups. Group I were pre diabetic (HbA1c 5.5 to 6.4%), group II were patients with poorly controlled type 2 DM (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%) and group III were healthy individuals (HbA1c < 5.7%). In all patients, peri-implant GI, PD and plaque index (PI) were measured.
Results: In group I, there were 12 males and 8 females, in group II were 10 males and 10 females and in group III, 9 males and 11 females. The mean plaque index in group I was 2.7 in group II was 3.1 and in group III was 0.5, gingival index was 2.9 in group I, 3.4 in group II and 0.6 in group III, probing depth was 4.1 in group I, 4.8 in group II and 1.2 in group III, crestal bone loss on mesial side was 3.6 mm in group I, 4.2 mm in group II and 0.7 mm in group III and crestal bone loss on distal side was 3.7 mm in group I, 4.0 mm in group II and 0.8 mm in group III. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: Chronic hyperglycemia increases the risk of peri-implant diseases, there a good glycaemic control is necessary to prevent it.

This study aims to determine The Moderating Effect of Corporate Governance on the Relationship between Dividend Policy, Capital Structure, and Firm Value. This research uses samples of secondary data of 64 companies after purposive sampling, which was obtained from manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) between periods of 2014-2018. This study uses the inferential analysis method using WarpPLS Software. This study found that there is a significant positive relationship between dividend policy and firm value. On the other hand, there is no significant positive relationship between capital structure and firm value. The corporate governance variable shows a significant moderating effect between dividend policy on firm value and an insignificant moderation effect between capital structure and firm value. The effect of corporate governance as a moderator is one of the authenticity of this study.

Anti-corruption education for Sunday school children is a form of non-penal policy to eradicate corruption. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the form of non-penal policies to eradicate corruption committed through formal church education, namely Sunday school by instilling anti-corruption values in Sunday school children (ASM). The research method used is normative juridical research using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The data collection technique used was literature study and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that religious institutions through Sunday School Teachers (GSM) can play a role in tackling corruption through character education that contains anti-corruption values which are taught to Sunday school children every time they go to church. Anti-corruption values such as honesty, justice, discipline, responsibility, hard work, courage, independence, simplicity and care can be clearly explained to children through the method of telling stories about Bible characters, playing and singing together. By introducing and instilling anti-corruption values from the start to children, especially Sunday school children, through religious messages conveyed by GSM, children are expected to have anti-corruption characters from an early age so that they can form individuals with anti-corruption characteristics and high integrity.

The research aimed to find out the content of active compound of simplicia and the ability of methanol extract of Gracilaria salicornia, Halimeda gracilis, Halimeda macroloba, and Hypnea asperi as the antioxidant. Phytochemical testing of macro algae simplicia was conducted qualitatively to determine the presence of the active compound, i.e. phenolic, flavonoids, tanin, saponin, steroid, triterpenoid, alkaloid, and hidroquinon. The test method of antioxidant activity is the capture of free radical 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhidrazyl (DPPH). The active compounds which belongs to macro algae that are tested are flavonoids, steroids, and saponins. The results of examination of antioxidant activity showed the highest percentage of free radical capture of DPPH methanol extract of G. salicornia was 7,228%. The result of univariate ANOVA in antioxidant activity, indicating that there was an effect of concentration on free radical capture of DPPH (p ≤ 0,05) and did not show the interaction between species of macro algae and concentration. The highest percentage of interception DPPH free radical of methanol extracts of each macro algae tested i.e. G. salicornia, H. asperi, H. gracilis, and H. Macroloba respectively

According to the results of the research, the average biological yield of controlled shade of Uzbek-2 variety was 30.1 ts / ha, Uzbek-6 variety - 32.8 ts / ha. The highest yields in the selected cultivar samples were observed in the samples of Competition-58/14 and Competition-64/15 and Competition 73/18 and amounted to 38.6-40.3-40.8 ts / ha

In this article, you can see the heat balance of the solar-air collector, which serves to dry the fruit, the relationship between the drying speed and the drive speed used in the device, as well as the analysis of the material balance of the dried product. In addition, the dependence of the size of the product to be dried on the drying rate was analyzed and a diagram was constructed. lgan.

this article presents the justification of various pedagogical conditions for solving the problem of developing educational and intellectual skills aimed at the formation of independent learning skills of primary school students themselves.

Investigation of the features of the transition of self-oscillations of current from one type to another in highly compensated silicon doped with impurity atoms of manganese, zinc and sulfur is of great interest from the point of view of studying both the mechanisms of self-sustained oscillations of the current and the physics of nonequilibrium processes. Based on the results obtained and the analysis performed, it has been established that the observed self-oscillations of the current in strongly compensated silicon are associated with nanoclusters of primus atoms. A model of a strongly compensated semiconductor is proposed to explain the mechanism of self-oscillations of the current in strongly compensated silicon, taking into account the multi-charge character of nano-clusters of atoms.
It was found that the proposed model is in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results.

The scientific article analyzes important aspects such as methods of marketing research in public transport enterprises, the role of information and their impact on the enterprise and the population, the prevention of traffic congestion and environmental degradation on urban roads.

A distinctive feature of the current stage of development of higher pedagogical education is the change in the target, content and technological aspects of training future teachers. The change in the goal-setting apparatus is due to the acceptance of the student as a subject of his educational activity, and, consequently, the change in the paradigm of relations between the teacher and the student in the educational process from the subject-object to the subject-subject (personal); meaningful and technological transformations should ensure the achievement of new goals. The problem of professional training of a teacher is of particular importance today also in connection with the rapidly changing political and economic transformations in the country, where the teacher is assigned a social and cultural role.

This article analyzes the system of entities involved in the formation of the judges’ corpus and some aspects of improving their activities on the basis of national and foreign legislation.

The paper shows the possibility of self-organization of microparticles of impurity nickel atoms in silicon under certain thermodynamic conditions. It was found that the concentration of microparticles in the volume is distributed almost uniformly. It was found that upon additional annealing, self-ordering of microparticles of impurity atoms in the silicon bulk and the formation of Schottky micro-barriers occur. The study of the I – V characteristics of these samples showed that at the points where the microscopy of nickel atoms formed, it has a diode character. The obtained experimental data show the possibility of creating photocells (PV) based on compensated silicon by the impurity of nickel atoms. To study the fundamental electrophysical parameters of photocells, modern methods and instruments were used, such as an MIC-5 infrared analysis microscope, Oxford Instruments ZEISS EVOMA 10 REM analysis, XIA-200 atomic force microscope, and X'PertPowder diffractometer. Micro- and nanoclusters found in silicon are explained by the accumulation of concentration of nickel atom clusters. It has been established that the overgrown clusters of impurity nickel atoms lead to an improvement in the electrophysical parameters of photocells.

A resource-saving technology for producing natural dye has been developed. The technology is based on the formation of phase separation in the volume of carrot juice. The technological mode is selected taking into account the maximum conservation of biological active substances of raw root crops. The technology is combined with a natural dye to produce carrot powder and transparent juice used in the food industry. With a modulated juice phase separation unit and a solar drying unit, metrit developed the technology to produce a high-quality powder-shaped dye.

Energy efficiency and energy conservation are priority areas of energy policy in most countries of the world. First of all, this is due to the exhaustion of non-renewable fuel and energy resources, the absence of real alternatives to their replacement, the presence of risks and significant costs in their production and transportation

This article provides information about some cultural and architectural heritage sites in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and highlights the important aspects of the development of love for the motherland among young people of these historical architectural sites.

This article presents a systematic analysis of the study of life and work of ShukurKhalmirzayev, the outstanding representative of Uzbek literature of the XX century with honorary title of “People’s writer”. In fact, since he was a multifaceted writer, the article reveals his contribution to the development of various genres of prose - novel, short story, novel, essay, as well as drama and journalism. It is pointed out that ShukurKhalmirzayev created a new school in the genre of story in Uzbek national literature. He was emphasized as the owner of a rare talent as a result of a consistent analysis, study of the stages of formation of the writer’s work, his contribution to domestic and world literature.

The article reports the processes of improving the legal culture of young people. The role and significance of legal education and upbringing in the formation of the legal consciousness of an individual, as well as scientific and theoretical values.

The article represents clear biography of Haji Muhammad Shahdi, being one of the great poets among those who were bilingual on their literal creative works including poetry, was in active position on literal poetry in Kokand and Uratepa. The datas, in his rich literary heritage owning autobiographical character has been scientifically corresponded.Along with his personal qualities, some information about his father and mastershas been referenced. Some of the reasons for getting different nicknames has been explained.

the article analyzes the use of household items in the art of Uzbek dance, their formation in modern choreographic works, their role and functions in the process of creating artistic imagery in dances, national charm, compositional techniques. The dance has a national color, which is embedded in the socio-cultural life of the Uzbek people and reflects the character and way of life of the people. It is extremely important to study the dialectical principles of the art of dance, which gives a person aesthetic pleasure, pleasure and peace of mind, romantic inspiration, in connection with the national character and centuries-old traditions, spiritual values of the people. It is well known that social realities, including the art of dance, develop in sync with the times. Like other forms of art, artistic generalization as a figurative image is a spiritual wealth that enriches human spirituality, cultivates aesthetic taste, teaches to understand the concepts of beauty, promotes national values.

Since the advent of public health (MPH) in the 17th century, its success has depended on close engagement with society. In the field of health, bioethics professionally bridges the gap between institutional and public policy, creating a link between achievements, responsibilities, and what needs to be done when the area of ​​responsibility prevails as the guiding principle of ethics. In this context, since public health and bioethics incorporate social and subjective determinants in their analysis, it is recommended that public health action be undertaken using an expanded and integrated view of the relationship between human and health. The essence of public health ethics concerns the moral rationale for policies, programs, and laws that protect and promote public health. Since public health includes broad social programs and public policies, issues related to justifying paternalistic interventions, equitable distribution of resources, and responsibility for health. Certain patient care measures (such as vaccinations) also contribute to public health, and difficult ethical questions can and do arise among practitioners.

This article explores the role of forming ecological culture in the new conditions of developing Uzbekistan. Currently, Uzbekistan’s efforts to develop proposals for the rational use of water resources, providing clean drinking water, the treatment of household waste, the negative consequences of the Aral Sea problem and improving environmental legislation have a connection to the formation of a high ecological culture. One of the main factors in the formation of an active civic position is a rational attitude to the environment, the preservation of natural resources for future gene-rations in improving the ecological culture of the population.

Background: The main objective of root canal treatment is the thorough mechanical and chemical cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The present study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices towards endodontic management of Radix cases amongst clinicians of varied experience including general dentists, specialists and Endodontists.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 267 participants of both genders. A well - formulated questionnaire of 13 questions was handed to all participants. They were divided into 4 groups. Group I were undergraduate students, group II were postgraduate students, group III were experienced Endodontists and group IV were other specialists.
Results: More than 15 years experience was seen in 29%, maximum RCTs done were 41-50 by 22%, no of Radix till date were >30 by 37%, Radix Ento molaris is more common by 80%, 1st molar is associated with Radix in 96%, 76% not maintaining data base, 55.8% feel that accurate diagnosis is management of Radix, 75% feel multiple RVG is pre- operative management, 19% feel CBCT is necessary. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The initial diagnosis is of utmost importance, to facilitate the endodontic procedure and to avoid treatment failures. There is a need to improve knowledge and awareness in the management of Radix cases.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic systemic metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high blood glucose levels. The present study was conducted to assess cases of type I diabetes mellitus and oral health status in children. Materials & Methods: 82 children age ranged 8-16 years of both genders were selected. Diagnosis of dental caries decayed, missing, and filled surfaces/decayed and filled surfaces was done. Blood samples were collected and HbA1c values measured. Results: There were 14 controlled diabetics and 68 uncontrolled diabetics. The mean dfs score in diabetics was 0.612 and in uncontrolled diabetics was 0.431, mean plaque score was 0.71 and 0.89 in controlled and uncontrolled diabetics and mean gingival score was 0.056 and 0.215 in controlled and uncontrolled diabetics. The difference was non- significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: No difference in dfs score, plaque score and gingival score in controlled and uncontrolled diabetics was observed.

Background: Visually impaired children suffer from many health problems which include orofacial trauma, dental caries, and periodontal disease. Out of these, orofacial trauma is the most common health hazards. The present study was conducted to assess traumatic dental injuries in children. Materials & Methods: 64 visually impaired children age ranged 4-14 years of both genders were recruited. The cause of the injury and the type of TDI was classified, according to the system described by Ellis classification.
Results: The main cause of injury was fall was 24, cycling in 10, sports injury in 16 and accident in 14 children. Ellis class I fracture was found in 10, class II in 18, class III in 12, class IV in 8, class V in 4, class VI in 1, class VII in 2, class VIII in 5 and class IX in 4 children. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of traumatic dental injuries in visually impaired children.

Background: The present study was conducted to determine 120 cases of pleural effusion underwent medical thoracoscopy.
Materials & Methods: 120 patients who underwent medical thoracoscopy in 79 Males and 41 females were recruited. Diagnostic pleural aspiration was done and the pleural fluid was analyzed for sugar, protein, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Adenosine deaminase (ADA), gram-stain, Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear, culture, CBNAAT, and cytological analysis. Patients with unhelpful results of pleural fluid analysis (Light’s criteria) underwent medical thoracoscopy and pleural biopsy.
Results: 98 (81.7%) had pleural effusion on (CE-CT) thorax as 6 (5%) had mass lesion on left side where 6 (5%) had lesion on right side, 10 (8.3%) had other findings like passive collapse, consolidation, atelectasis, mediastinal lymphadenopathy. 13 (10.8%) patients had edematous mucosa on FOB, 19 (15.85%) patients had external compression on FOB, whereas 77 (64.2%) had the normal study on bronchoscopy, whereas 11 (9.2%) had other findings like anthracotic patches. 38 (31.7%) had inflammation, sago grain like nodules, adhesions on thoracoscopy, 25 (20.8%) had inflammation and adhesions, 51 (42.5%) had inflammation with nodules/masses/plaques, 2 (1.7%) had necrotic/ulcerative/other lesions on thoracoscopy. Conclusion: Medical diagnostic thoracoscopy should be considered in all patients having undiagnosed pleural effusion and fit for medical thoracoscopy

A great deal of data is generated and collected by devices connected to healthcare systems on the Internet of Things (IoT). This data is distributed in real time, is unstructured in nature, and it is also a big problem to store and process in IoT applications. Since cloud computing is so common, many healthcare providers store these EHRs in cloud systems. Unauthorized access to these medical records is nevertheless still an issue. In order to avoid unauthorised access to this medical data in the public cloud networks, many access management models, along with cryptographic techniques have been used. This article proposes Enhanced Role Based Access Control (ERBAC) and Twofish algorithm to protect IoT health data in health systems from a public cloud storage perspective. The authors believe that the proposed system will significantly aid in the efficient storage of medical data in IoT applications and will provide secure storage of medical data in the cloud based on these role-based access policies. Additionally, a clustering strategy is introduced into the paper to reduce the waiting time for retrieving relevant medical data. The clustering of clinical data is the rational underlying approach for discovering secret examples from a wide variety of clinical data. Clinicians have rendered a professional decision on the disease probability using these cases. Clustering categories, the data set of separate collections based on comparability of information in the database is larger than other collections.Thus, this work proposes a clustering method that uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) with a genetic algorithm (GA) and proposes another clustering strategy called clustering calculation, based on the calculation of the advance of a swarm of molecules. It uses worldwide improvements in PSO calculation to fill the lack of the grouping strategy.

As the world reels from the effect of the pandemic, people and organisations across have greatly been impacted by the virus. Numerous lessons are being learnt across all front. The impact has left numerous people connecting to workplaces from home across the globe. This new norm has also left many vulnerable areas in the field of security. This paper aims to highlight security issues and their impact on society at large. The catastrophic cybersecurity issues over the ages have been discussed and envisioned in today's digital world, which paves the way for a cyber pandemic making it a reality.

In this investigations, conductance measurements of aluminium ammonium sulphate in various proportions of aqueous DMF and aqueous DMSO mixtures containing 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 % of aqueous DMSO have been carried out at different temperatures to evaluate limiting ionic association constant, conductance’s, Walden products and solvated radii of the ions. Viscosity measurement of the aluminium ammonium sulphate solutions in aqueous DMF and aqueous DMSO mixtures were carried out at different temperatures to evaluate viscosity A and B-coefficients values. The density data for all the solutions were analyzed in limiting apparent molar volume (фvo) and experimental slopes (Sv) obtained from Masson equation. The viscosity data of solution were analyzed in term of A and B coefficient obtained from Jone-Dole equation.

Viscosity B coefficients and apparent molar volumes (фv) for potassium aluminium sulphate in pure Dimethylformamide (DMF) and pure Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and also aqueous Dimethylformamide (DMF) and aqueous Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) were studied from density (ρ) and viscosity (η) at various temperatures as 308.15, 313.15, 318.15 and 323.15 K with help of bicapillary pycnometer and Ubbelohde viscometer instruments respectively.

This paper represents a number of stochastic decomposition properties for the general holiday model with respect to queue size and incomplete work, then consider an entire service system with multiple holidays, analysis of vacation cycle, queue size, incomplete work, waiting time In FCFS, LCFS and ROS systems and time dependent processes. The rule to eliminate the holiday period, dependent on each holiday model, should approximate the process of future arrivals.

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition characterized by raised vaginal pH and milky discharge. This condition is associated with an alteration of the normal vaginal flora by a mixed flora of aerobic, anaerobic and microaerophilic species. This condition is simple to treat, however It can lead on to complications like miscarriage, pre term delivery, low birth weight baby, premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, postpartum endometritis, vaginal cuff cellulitis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Objective :To find the prevalence of anaerobic organisms in women suffering from bacterial vaginosis. Methodology: Hospital based Prospective cross-sectional study has been conducted in the Department of Microbiology. Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis, Visited in Obstetrics & Gynaecology, department of Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. Total number of cases included in the study was 613. A high vaginal swabs (HVS) was collected. Amsel’s criteria, Nugent score and culture were performed.
Results: The examination of 613 High Vaginal Swab of pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive age group women with symptomatic and asymptomatic vaginal discharge. The prevalence of an anaerobes in BV ware Gardnerella vaginalis 172(28.1%) based on Amsel’s criteria, Nugent score and culture. Mobiluncus Spp.384 (56.8%) based on Amsel’s criteria and Nugent score. The highest number of an anaerobes in BV cases was seen among 25-39 Years age group 216 (35.2%) and least number of an anaerobes in BV cases were seen in patients with age groups 40-59 Years 163 (26.6%) and 15-24 Years 156(25.4%). Conclusion: This finding suggests that the colonization of facultative anaerobes is also more important in vaginal ecology. So, similar studies must be carried out to improve the health status of women and preventing the risk posed towards BV. It is concluded that anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in the causation of Bacterial Vaginosis along with other organisms.

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment and the senile cataract is
the most common type. The role of Serum calcium to magnesium ratio (Ca-Mg ratio) in
the pathogenesis of age-related or senile cataract remains unclear.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to estimate serum calcium, magnesium
and their ratio levels in Senile cataract patients compared to normal healthy individual
without cataract and to find out association of serum magnesium and calcium-magnesium
ratio with risk of senile cataract.
Subjects and methods: This case-control study consists of 90 Age-related cataracts (ARC)
as cases and 90 age and gender matched normal healthy individuals without cataract as
controls (age group above 45 years). The ARC patients were sub-grouped into nuclear
cataract (NC), cortical cataract (CC), posterior sub-capsular cataract (PSC) and mixed
cataract according to WHO cataract grading system. Serum calcium was determined by
Arsenazo III method and serum magnesium by xylidyl blue method using Hitachi 902
autoanalyser.
Results: The study shows significantly decreased concentration of serum magnesium and
increased concentration of calcium-magnesium ratio (p<0.001) in ARC when compared to
control. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation of serum
magnesium with calcium was observed. Serum calcium-magnesium ratio was statistically
identified as risk factors in ARC patients by using Multivariate logistic regression analysis
(odds ratio, 5.177; 95% confidence interval, 0.483–2.805; p=0.006).
Conclusion: Decreased serum magnesium concentration and increased serum calciummagnesium
ratio were significantly associated with a high risk of cataract formation in
patients with age-related cataract.

In this paper, we present an outline of some factors impact while buying mutual fund. We deliberate level of satisfaction with respect in investors referred here as mutual fund. In precise, our motivation is to responsiveness of investing mutual fund. An efficient financial sector mobilizes savings and allocates it to those investments which yield the highest rate of return. Savings are the difference between income and consumption of mutual fund industry. An increase in the volume of real domestic savings means that resources that would have been used for consumption are released for investment. India has high level of saving rate because of high level of saving motives. Everyone seems to understand the basic principle of investment. Investment means the purchase by an individual of a financial or real asset that produces a return proportion to the risk assumed over some future investment period, for achieving this investor has to decide on how and where to deploy his/her saving. Saving motive is a desire to reserve certain mixture of income for future. The main objective of investor is to invest in different speculation avenues that deliver expected returns and help to chance the risk in future. There should be some motives for making investments. Employees give more importance to create more stand-in to meet the risk in future.We have categorised investors opinion regarding major deficiencies in the working of the mutual fund industry. We have given the opinion from the investors that can help in the deficiencies mutual fund. This means that retail investors will opt for mutual funds. Mutual funds saw record resource mobilization as investors lined up to take advantage of the stock market boom. The study was descriptive in nature. A structured questionnaire was distributed to all respondent. It was divided into two parts. The first one is demographic information; the second part was framed to know the infrastructure, Customer satisfaction and performance in mutual fund. In this Excel and SPSS statistical tool was used to analysis the data and findings were presented through graphs and charts with interpretation.

Employee association is among the main aspects of workplace growth, competitiveness and efficacy. Strong relationships with workers benefit from deeply dedicated, inspired and trustworthy staff through organisations. Each company's performance depends on the personnel's talents and capabilities and its ability. The efficacy of company performance can mainly be affected by the way hiring managers build a good working atmosphere growing meets the feelings duties of people. To allow any companies to thrive smoothly, a sound partnership is important. The word "Community Affairs" represents the marriage of management and staff, it is needed to construct a healthy atmosphere in the organisation because of an easy contact between being a staff member as well as the staff. A staff should have optimistic and essential input for the improvement of the work results. It's very crucial to be grateful to them and loyalty. Accountability which add value to the organization as well as the organisation". The following study document should analyze the impact that the corporate policy has on company organization’s Healthy Industrial combination rather than how firms overcome the intrinsic central operational with the competing competitive stresses related with the efficiencies and lengthy efficiencies of the employment contract workers.

Employee Remuneration promotes the pursuit of operational and simple organisational priorities by ensuring that a certain organisation has a trained and empowered employee. The efficient rewards scheme improves job satisfaction and the level of success, thus increasing the productivity of the business. Each customer requires its very own despite the beneficial, but is still an essential motivational component and draws new workers to the firm. Private companies now experience and try to optimize the utilization of social and economic infrastructure to prevent big social challenges. The Human Resource Management departments were some of the most valuable assets which significantly affect the organization’s achievement. In order to ensure better and reliable outcomes for the workers and businesses, the paper analyses the effects of remuneration on the work of the workers and their relationships. The work focused on analyzing and recognizing how to submit, how to improve the recompense procedure for workers and how necessary it is to consider the success of shareholders and customers.

The participation of workers in decision making plays an important role in businesses as it influences quality and competitiveness. The engagement of workers is part of a corporate activation mechanism. Participation in group settings is the emotionally and physically participation of individuals who inspire employees to volunteer and accept responsibility for collective purposes. When workers are quickly engaged in decision-making, providing a healthy work place, growing their dedication to decision-making and happiness and also increasing the customer's morality, as they feel acknowledged, are a part of its Organisation. community, and the immediate outcome of all that quality of personnel. The paper suggested that workers be provided with the requisite expertise and sufficient preparation to encourage ingenuity and advancement in decisions and behaviors in order to increase the competitiveness of their company. This research aimed at assessing the effects of employee engagement on corporate success as well as the regulating influence of corporate engagement on corporate social responsibility and corporate productivity.

The study aims to describe and analyze the implementation of policies for handling Covid-19 and its obstacles. The review uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques based on literature studies sourced from journals, online media and print media, reports from agencies, survey results, and expert input in focus group discussions. The study found that policy implementation was less than optimal due to the slow response of the Government at the beginning of the pandemic, causing the policy to handle Covid-19 to be late, inconsistencies in policies to restrict activities across countries, and procedures made it difficult for local governments to propose the implementation of large-scale social restrictions in their areas. Barriers to policy implementation include bureaucratic, structural constraints, the sub-optimal organizational performance of the Covid-19 Task Force in the regions; weak coordination between central and regional governments; unsynchronized regulations between ministries. Second, barriers to public communication, namely misalignment of statements between public officials, invalid socialization, and weak efforts to overcome misinformation and fake news from Covid-19. Resource constraints, limited health personnel, personal protective equipment, medical masks, expensive Covid-19 test costs, and unequal laboratory availability. Furthermore, not all local governments are obedient to implementing the Covid-19 handling policy and the low level of citizen compliance in the disposition aspect. Finally, government officials have not adopted a crisis leadership style for swift and decisive decision-making and action. The recommendations proposed are increasing the role of the Ministry of the interior in improving central and regional coordination, synchronizing regulations between ministries, as well as revising rules regarding the formation of a Covid-19 Handling Task Force, preparing officers and completeness of personal protective equipment as well as the availability of medical masks, and ensuring affordability of test prices Covid-19 for residents. Law enforcement regarding the spread of fake news and citizen non-compliance by establishing local regulations that impose sanctions.

Aim: Purpose of our research was to assess the preference of pediatric dentists to carry out
treatment with either conscious sedation or with general anesthesia.
Methodology: 50 children were selected for your study who did not have any previous
medical conditions. Patients requiring complete dental treatment were treated under GA,
those requiring one or two procedures were under conscious sedation. The two groups of
patients were evaluated in terms of vital signs, duration of the treatment procedure, patient
behavior, recovery time and comfort experienced by the dentists and the anesthesiologists.
Results: Dentists in sedation group were anxious, uncomfortable and restless during
implementation of dental treatment. During dental procedure under sedation, some
interruption has been noted in few cases such as vomiting during the procedure (3 cases).
Those who vomited, during the procedure, their heads were turned to one side, the
procedure was discontinued immediately (to prevent aspiration), and the patients were
referred for treatment under GA.
Conclusion: Dental treatment under CS can be successful with little or no complications if
the cases are well selected by qualified trained dentist.

Aim: The purpose of our research was to highlight the importance of diet as well as
associated dietary habits in people; with the changes in oral environment leading to
alterations in the periodontal health of an individual.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 enrolled subjects who
underwent periodontal examination and treatment. A questionnaire was given to them,
which was related to self-reported medical history, medication, physical activity and dietary
habits and usual intake. Periodontist assessed the periodontal status of the participants and
a clinical dietician analysed their dietary habits. Subjects were the periodontally examined
and diagnosed according to the stage and grade of the periodontal disease. The collected
data recorded through questionnaire and periodontal examination was analysed
statistically.
Results: 81.8% participants did not have any apparent illnesses. 14.5 % of the participants
were taking medications for their diseases. Maximum study participants took sweet snacks
daily (60.9%) as well as caffeinated beverages daily (86.3%). They also took fried foods
(35.4%) as well as chips and junk food (34.5%) twice a week. The average Body Mass
Index of the study participants was 35.8kg/m2. 80% of the subjects had been diagnosed
with chronic periodontitis. 22.7% of participants had stage 1 periodontitis whereas 27.2%
of the subjects had stage 3 periodontitis.
Conclusion: It is imperative to reduce the consumption as well frequency of sticky and
refined sugars in the diet, so as to limit the damage to the oral tissue especially the
periodontium. Good oral hygiene also helps to maintain this homeostasis inside the oral
cavity.

Aim: The purpose of our research was to evaluate the preference of treatment strategy
amongst the dental professionals about class III malocclusion correction.
Methodology: A questionnaire survey for over a period of 1 year amongst 260 dental
professionals working for over 5 years. They were asked about their preference of
treatment strategies for carrying out correction of class III malocclusion cases. Their
experience of relapses, patient satisfaction as well as difficulty in handling such cases was
also recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out for assessing the data
recorded with the help of SPSS 25.0.
Results: Dental professionals were of divided opinion regarding the treatment strategy for
class III malocclusion. However, most of them were of the view that orthodontic treatment
had more relapses as compared to orthognathic surgery combined with orthodontic
therapy, which was statistically significant as well (p=0.035).
Conclusion: Most of the survey participants were of opinion that combined treatment with
surgery first approach; will improve the facial profile of the patients drastically.

This paper represents a number of stochastic decomposition properties for the
general holiday model with respect to queue size and incomplete work, then consider an
entire service system with multiple holidays, analysis of vacation cycle, queue size,
incomplete work, waiting time In FCFS, LCFS and ROS systems and time dependent
processes. The rule to eliminate the holiday period, dependent on each holiday model,
should approximate the process of future arrivals.

Introduction: Despite its potentially pulmonary complications, Methotrexate (MTX) is widely utilized in the treatment of arthritis. Several studies reported development of various forms of lung disease in patients treated with MTX. The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of MTX on the lung structure and the likelihood of recovery following MTX withdrawal. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 albino rats were studied in 3 different groups of ten rats. Group I was considered as control whereas group II (MTX treated group), received 5 mg/ kg subcutaneous MTX (SC) for 5 days. Lastly, group III (withdrawal group) received similar doses of MTX for the same duration but sacrificed 5 days after MTX withdrawal for lung dissection and histological examination. Results: The lungs of MTX treated rats demonstrated a significant increase in the inter-alveolar thickness with concomitant mononuclear cell infiltration linked with alveolar collapse and damage. After MTX withdrawal, the changes in pulmonary structure exhibited partial recovery. This in turns suggests that MTX-induced lung toxicity was to some extent reversible. Conclusion: MTX could result in pulmonary inflammation and alveoli damages, therefore, this study recommends regular examinations for MTX patients designed for early detection of interstitial pneumonitis.

Human papillomavirus is a condition which  caused due to  human papillomavirus (HPV) from papillomaviridae  DNA virus family. HPV vaccines helps to eradicate most types of HPV condition.Vaccines gives minimal benefit to women who are infected already with HPV types 16 and 18 .Due to this, the vaccine is recommended initially for  women who have not been vulnerable with HPV during sexual intercourse. WHO stated that HPV vaccination clearly outlines rightful, cost-effective techniques on using HPV vaccine in public health programs. There are various factors that influence the acceptance of HPV vaccination. There is a need for empirically validated, theoretically driven behavior changes interventions to increase HPV vaccination among young adult women. Various interventions done suggest that education and message framing may increase the acceptability and intention to receive the vaccination. Thus, there is a need for dynamic interventions that are specifically focused on psychosocial and behavioral constructs that produce behavior change. This study would give insights about the various modifiable and non-modifiable factors of HPV vaccination among people around the globe.

Basic information in this article illustrates comparison results of analyzing some technological index of fiber of selection materials created by means of convergent and complex hybridization of G. hirsutumL.varieties. Hybridization by means of convergent methods is very perspective in cotton breeding. That is why obtained materials by this method consider better index of the length of fiber in О-325/26, О-32/35, О-85/90, О-388/91 and О-521/25 families, the higher index of specific tensile strength in О-329/30, О-388/91, О-630/32 О-32/35 and О-521/25 families, the highest average length was reported in О-388/91, О-32/35 families, according to the index of uniformity of fiber in О-32/35, О-521/25 families, according to the index of fiber in О-32/35, О-388/91, О-85/90 families’ traits and they are definitely refer to use in the sequel breeding process.

The problem of studying the metabolism of calcium and glucose remains relevant and not fully investigated. Calcium ion plays an important role in many vital processes of the body, including the conjugation of the processes of excitation and secretion. Indisputable evidence has been obtained confirming the importance of calcium ions in the secretion of hormones that regulate carbohydrate metabolism (insulin and glucagon). There are few data indicating the effect of pancreatic hormones on tissue and cellular calcium metabolism. Thus, the effect of glucagon and insulin on calcium metabolism is similar to that of calcitonin (Hollo et.al., 1979). Insulin, like calcitonin, increases the transport of calcium into cells [Etsuko et. al, 2009]. In this regard, it can be assumed that the functional state of the islet apparatus of the pancreas can be significantly influenced by hormones that regulate calcium metabolism in the body.

The development of professional and spiritual qualities of future doctors requires an understanding of the continuous process of pedagogical influences aimed at developing in students a conscious attitude to the necessary spiritual and ethical standards and a set of professional qualities in the process of solving professional problems.
The need to develop a model for the future professional development of doctors depends on a number of aspects related to the medical profession.
The model of professional and spiritual development of future doctors is the basis on the achievements of scientific and pedagogical approaches and concepts developed in Uzbekistan and around the world.
In the frameworkof this research article, I will give special emphasis on the spiritual environment, which will promote the development of future doctors' professional and  spiritual qualities in combination with professional and spiritual values as well.

The role of vitamin C in the prevention and treatment of pneumonia andsepsis has been investigated for past decades. This reviewaimsto translatethese findings into patients with severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has indicatedthat patients with pneumonia and sepsis have low vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress.Additional oral or intravenous (IV) vitamin C administered patients with pneumonia can mitigate the severity and course ofthe disease. Severely ill patients with sepsis need for intravenous administration of amounts counted in grams ofthe vitamin to achieve adequate plasma levels, an intervention that some studies suggest reduces mortality.The vitamin has physiological functions like pleiotropic, many of which are closely connected to COVID-19.These are its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory functions.Previous observational studies found out low vitamin C status in critically ill patients with COVID-19.A number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conductedworldwideevaluate intravenous vitamin C as monotherapy in patients with COVID-19. Optimization of the intervention protocolsin future trials, e.g., earlier and continuously administration, is justified to potentially improve itsefficacy. In order to the excellent safety profile, low cost, and potential for rapid enlargement of production,administration of vitamin C to patients, especially with hypovitaminosis C and severe respiratory infections,e.g., COVID-19, appears warranted. In addition, there are few new ways of concurrent using vitamin C and other manipulations or medications.

Background: Carrying angle of elbow is formed between the axis of a radially deviated forearm and the axis of the humerus.  It helps the arms to swing without hitting the hips while walking and the angle varies from person to person. This carrying angle is crucial for most of the activities in our day to day life.
Aim and objectives: The knowledge of the measurement of carrying angle is necessary while evaluating elbow injuries or other elbow disorders. The parameter varies according to the height of an individual. This study reveals the relation between the carrying angle the height of the person.
Methodology:  The carrying angle was measured for about 150 students (male and female) within the age group of 17 to 19. The angle is measured using Goniometer.
Results: The mean carrying angle in males on the right side was found to be 6.31º±0.36 and on the left side was 6.31º±0.23; in females on the right side was 12.4º±0.57and on the left side it was found to be 12.38º±0.68.
Conclusion: The present study shows that the height of the person is inversely related with the carrying angle.
 

Determination of non-smoking area should be held in healthcare facilities, one of them in hospitals. That’s why the policy of implementing non-smoking areas (KTR) has been identified as the main intervention strategy in disease control and environmental sanitation. The study aimed to examine more deeply about the implementation of non smoking area (KTR) policy at the Hospital of Islam Faisal Makassar. Qualitative designs have been used in this research. The informants 8 people were obtained by using snowballing sampling/chain sampling. Data collection is done by in-depth interviews, continuous observation during the research and focus group discussion (FGD). Data processing is done by using triangulation and content analysis method. The results showed that communication variables run well based on transmission, consistency, and clarity of the rules that must apply concerning KTR and its application in the Hospital of Islam Faisal Makassar. Whereas, based on the variable of resources at the Hospital of Islam Faisal Makassar has not supported in terms of staff, information and authority, and also in terms of facilities are still not fulfilled. It is expected that the hospital should be increase the things in the form of communication, structure of bureaucracy and disposition well to all elements of the hospital.

The heavy metals found in contaminated waters are dangerous for the environment and human health, so it is necessary to seek and apply techniques to remove these pollutants, using adsorption techniques with natural biopolymers such as cocoa shells,characterizing the adsorption by infrared spectroscopy, obtaining values of (k) Freundlich's constant whose highest value is for the lead cation and the lowest for the more hydrated cation such as copper, presenting an opposite behavior for the exponent "n" of Freundlich's equation. The use of the cocoa shell as an adsorbent is an alternative to remove these contaminants from the water

: IoT has its vital emergence in smart town gadget which helps esteem conveyed administrations for different properties of the town and for the individuals. Moreover, it in any case is being a wide and complex classification which can be described by method for specific programming space. Rustic improvement intended to help the Smart town strategic, objectives at misusing the most extreme propelled correspondence innovations. In a present overview, about 69% level of India's populace lives in its towns, representing practically half of the GDP of the country. These rustic areas extend from being little settlements with substantially less than 500 individuals to modest communities. Comparative situations exist in western nations too. In show disdain toward in their commitment to the economy, the littler towns for the most part will in general get significantly less in the method for infrastructural speculation. The key difficulties looked in these little towns spin around an absence of solid open transportation framework, crisis administrations and lacking insights about approving appropriations for country zones. Our thought is to broaden Smart Cities to Smart Villages by means of using current innovative propensities and give nearer consideration to the difficulties in those rustic zones. The proposed sustainable rural development model acquaint IoT period with Huts in Villages through an earnest showing of system of connected sensors and contraptions for realities spread, overseeing quality use and guaranteeing assurance of the framework. This permits us to adapt to the essential necessities of household locals.
 

This article is devoted to the development of the social sphere, which is an important sector of society, and comments on the reforms implemented in Uzbekistan in this area and their results. The article analyzes the results of measures to effectively address the most important tasks of public social policy in the current complex situation and the scale of problems in the field on the basis of statistical data. As a result of the reforms, changes in the living standards of the population, income and unemployment issues, measures to eliminate them, poverty reduction and the work done in the social protection system were also highlighted. At the same time, issues related to education and upbringing, the development of science are presented. The institutional framework for quarantine measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection during the COVID-19 pandemic and reforms to support the population are outlined. In addition, strengthening the family, mechanisms for resolving family conflicts, protection of the rights of women and children, the results of health care reforms, as well as cases of requests for medical care and medication by the elderly and people with disabilities, education and upbringing and consistent reforms in the development of science have been considered on the basis of a structural approach.

Background: Tinea pedis is a dermatophyte infection of the feet, especially the toes
and soles of the feet.
Aim of this study: This study aims to evaluate prevalence, etiology, and risk factors
of tinea pedis and bacterial super infections in Dour city population.
Patients and methods: This is a cross sectional study, was carried out in one year
duration from March 2019 to March 2020 on 150 patients, both genders, ages
ranging from 20-70 years old. Methods include sampling by scraping, direct
microscopical exam. with KOH., culture on different media that are used to isolate
dermatophytes, as well as culture on different media and different biochemical tests
to isolate bacteria, and finally calculating MIC.s. of Lawsonia inermis in killing
dermatophytes.
Results: T. pedis is the most prevalent in the age 40-49(31.3%). I t is most prevalent
during Spring(28%). There are nonsignifcant associations in the relation between
diabetes, vascular disease and psoriasis with gender(p value>0.05), while the
relations of smoking, obesity, and family history of foot mycoses with gender are
statistically significant(p value<0.05). Trichophyton rubrum is the most prevalent
causative dermatophyte(36.7%), while Trichophyton verrucosum is the least
prevalent(8.7%). Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent bacterial species
accompanying dermatophytes(80%). MIC. of petroleum ether extract of Lawsonia
inermis for T. tonsurans and T. verrucosum is 128 μg/ml., while MIC. of petroleum
ether extract of L. inermis is 256 μg/ml. for T. rubrum, T. interdigitale, and E.
floccosum. MIC.s of ethanol extract of L. inermis is 16 μg/ml. for T. verrucosum,
32 μg/ml. for T. tonsurans, 64 μg./ml. for T. interdigitale and E. floccosum, and 128
μg./ml. for T.rubrum.
Conclusions: T. rubrum was the commonest dermatophyte isolated from cases of
Tinea pedis and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial species.
The disease is contagious between the family members. Tinea pedis is usually
diagnosed via clinical observation, but there are variety of other methods used to
diagnose it.

Skin cancer is a dangerous disease. Benign and malignant melanomas are one of the skin cancer diseases. Melanoma is a highly dangerous disease. It can be curable if it is detected early. Benign can be cured easily but malignant cannot be cured fastly. Benign and malignant melanoma appears in the  early stages while differentiating them. Different methods have been used for differentiating them. Skin cancer can be detected in early stages by visualizing with clinical screening by dermoscopic analysis. Detecting automatically skin lesion is a typical task. Skin cancer symptoms are small blood vessels visible, thickened patch, ulcers and bleed. Skin cancer detected by capturing images with a skin magnifier with polarized light and diagnosed with deep learning classifier in which data augmentation and weights can be added to it. In this CNN classifier is used in which RESNET-50 and VGG-16 were used in which image were resized and weights were added and then the augmentation of the data can be done.

Goal.To study the indicators of vital capacity of the lungs (VEL) of submariners specializing in swimming in the stayer, sprint and underwater disciplines in 2000, 2010, 2020.Materials and methods. The study involved submariners aged 20 to 25 years (10 women and 10 men), in each time period. Each athlete is a member of the national team of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and has a sports category not lower than the candidate for master of sports. The following methods are used in the work: the method of evaluating morphofunctional indicators. Results. Analyzing the indicators of the VEL in the time period, we can note the fact that in 2020 the indicators are higher compared to previous years, which indicates high functional capabilities of the respiratory apparatus. As athletes divers specializing in underwater distances, have the highest rate of VC in comparison with athletes with long-distance runners and sprinters. Conclusion. The data obtained in the course of the study can serve as an effective pedagogical tool in the training of submariners. The study allows us to summarize that women and men who are engaged in underwater sports in 2020 have higher rates of VEL than athletes of 2000 and 2010. Intensive training regimes of highly qualified athletes, in cyclical sports, place increased demands on the external breathing apparatus, and scuba diving is just the kind of sport where the cardiorespiratory system plays a significant role.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the incidence of BKV infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy for different types of cancer who present with cystitis. This study provides molecular evidence of a possible association between BKV and cystitis in cancer patient treated with chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on urine samples from 85 individuals (45 cancer patients during an episode of cystitis and compared with that detected in the urine of 20 cancer patients with no cystitis and 20 healthy individuals) in order to better evaluate the association of BK virus reactivation with cystitis. Detection of BKV in urine by real time PCR assay was done for all of the three groups. Results: Results on the detection of viral DNA from the urine samples demonstrated that 4 (8.89%) of cancer patients with cystitis, in 1 (5.00%) of cancer patients with no cystitis, while 3 (15.00%) of healthy controls, were positive. Recommendations:Our findings merit more studies to be done in a larger number of patients including multiple centers to help in establishing a causal association.

In recent years, there has been an increase in patients with acetabular fractures, while the rates of unsatisfactory treatment results and disability remain high. There is a widespread trend, as well as in the Bukhara region, to increase the number of patients with injuries of the acetabulum. The difficulties of diagnosis and the choice of treatment tactics remain relevant. Low rates of active surgical tactics for treating injuries, which affects the results of treatment. There is a need for a more in-depth study of this problem with the introduction of modern methods of damage visualization and the development of minimally invasive treatment methods

Various possible and non-mutually exclusive mechanisms may play a role in the development of ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19. Long duration of mechanical ventilation (ALV) makes patients with COVID-19 who require invasive respiratory supportb more vulnerable to complications associated with the development of critical illness, including the risk of hypotension and inadequate cerebral perfusion; risk of relative hypertension leading to posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome; the possibility of septic embolism in the event of a bacterial infection; the possibility of cardiomyopathy and a concomitant decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction.

Helminthiasis, as a concomitant pathology of HRAS, has a tremendous effect on the oral cavity CO, intensifying the inflammatory processes in the soft tissues of the oral cavity, intensifying the complaints of patients with HRAS and leading to more frequent exacerbations. Moreover, they not only increase the frequency of exacerbations, but also
increase the severity of the course of exacerbations

Currently, the world community is faced with a new infectious disease that has not only medical, but also enormous socio-economic significance - the COVID-19 pandemic. (coronavirus disease 2019). The article discusses brief etiopathogenetic aspects of the new coronavirus infection. The role of some of the factors contributing to the development of nephro- and cerebrovascular disorders in COVID-19 is discussed. Results of work on coronavirus infection summarized foreign researchers

The article talks about the work of A. Navoi. Alisherbek was a minister without a minister. They recited poems in Turkish, but no one recited so many and well. "LISON UTTAYR" on horseback. He has organized four ghazals: "GAROYIB US-SIGAR", "NAVODIRUSH- SHABOB", "BADOYI UL-VASAT", "FAVOID UL "KIBAR" is a horseman. He has a
good rhyme. I have some other musannafati, and this is a lower and slower event for these people. "

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease, therefore it is a priority medical and social problem. Often with diabetes, it is the ocular manifestations that primarily lead to the disability of patients. The review contains an analysis of the morphological experimental and clinical studies of fundus elements in patients with DM - original research, reviews and monographs by domestic and foreign authors, mainly in recent years. Clinical and morphological changes in diabetes are discussed, early diabetic changes in the retina, blood vessels, and macula are described. The important role of changes in the internal plexiform layer and ganglion cells

Caries can have a significant impact not only on the condition of the dentition, but also on general somatic health in general. As a result of the progression of caries, the occurrence of pain can lead to a decrease in the child's ability and unwillingness to drink, chew, there is a restriction in the choice of foods (sour fruits and vegetables, solid food), loss
of appetite. Malnutrition can lead to weight loss, iron deficiency, and stunted growth and physical development

The use of multimedia technologies in education has enabled teachers to simulate final outcomes and assist students in applying knowledge learned from textbooks, thereby compensating for the deficiency of traditional teaching methods. It is important to examine how effective these technologies are in practical use. This study developed online learning-teaching resource platforms using Flash multimedia, providing interactive and integrated features in an easy-touse user interface, in order to discuss Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD). The study utilized a teaching experiment with a non-equivalent pretestposttest control group design to test and discuss students’ professional cognition, operating skill cognition, and level of learning satisfaction during the learning process. No significant differences emerged between the groups in regards to professional cognition or operation skills cognition. However, a significant difference in learning satisfaction was noted, indicating that the coursework with multimedia Flash produced greater satisfaction than with traditional learning methods. Results are explained in detail and recommendations for further research provided

The paper deals with the legal framework for the health care in prisons and detention homes during COVID-19 pandemic in India. The World Health Organization has issued Guidance on COVID-19 for Prisons and Detention, 2020 for the health care system to deal with challenges of contagion in the arena of criminal justice system. The National Crime Record Bureau and the Prison Statistics India, 2020 revealed overcrowding and occupancy in jails as formidable threat of infection and transmission. Though the health and human rights envisages highest attainable standard of health among prisoners and detainees, ripple effect on community infection through detainees in detention homes and jails cannot be ruled out. The global outbreak of the COVID-19 has cascading effect on the health of inmates and convicts living in enclosed environments during the pandemic.

Back Ground: Self-Actualization factors equanimity is the major influencing factor on Job Involvement and Continued Freshness of Appreciation is the next most influencing factor of Job Involvement. The prominence of Self-Actualization in organizational environment especially related to Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment.Self- Actualization has strong influence in determining Job Satisfaction, Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment. The purpose of the study to Investigation of Self- Actualization
on the Impact of Academic Leaders’ Job Involvement, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in Tamil Nadu Universities
Methods/Statistical Analysis: A cross-sectional design and survey method were utilizedto collect the data and the stratified purposive random sampling method and in SEM model, AMOS 20 used in this study.
Findings: Based on the results of the three-mediating model, Job Satisfaction model has mediation effect between Self-Actualization highly significant compared other mediation model Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment.
Conclusion: The researcher concluded that Self-Actualization is a vital contribution to job influences Job Satisfaction of Academic Leaders in Tamil Nadu Universities

This study aims to mention the difference in VO2 max value in adolescents and the difference in leukocyte,
monocytes, and neutrophil levels after 12 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study in 15 basketball players & 15 non-basketball students at SMAN 1 Banjarbaru. The sampling technique was carried out using purposive sampling method. Measurement of VO2 max value was carried out on the first day using the MFT (Multistage Fitness Test / Bleep Test) and measurement of leukocyte levels was carried out on the third day using blood collection after the patient did 12 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise. Data analysis used the Mann-Whitney test for VO2 max values & unpaired t test for the number of leucocytes, monocytes, neutrophils & cortisol levels. The results of the data analysis showed that there were still significant differences in
the VO2 max value in basketball & non-basketball players (p> 0.05), monocytes (p> 0.05), & neutrophils (p> 0.05) and there were significant differences in levels. cortisol (p <0.01) after 12 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise in basketball and non-basketball students. The conclusion of this study is that 12 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise resulted in a higher increase in cortisol levels in basketball players compared to non-basketball players and the average value of leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in basketball players was lower than non-basketball players. This is because the release of cortisol is a form of adaptation to the body's stress due to training, and becomes anti-inflammatory as a result reduces the number of leukocytes, monocytes and neutrophils of basketball players. 12 minutes of aerobic exercise can be used as a method to increase the body's immune system and explain the homeostasis process in adolescents in a good way.

This study aims to explain the VO2 max value in adolescents and the differences in lymphocytes and eosinophil
levels after moderate aerobic exercise. The study was conducted with a post-test only control group design on 15
basketball player students and 15 non-basketball player students at SMAN 1 Banjarbaru. The sampling
technique was carried out by using purposive sampling method. Measurement of VO2 max value was executed
on the first day with MFT (Multistage Fitness Tes / Bleep Test) and measurement of lymphocytes and eosinophil
levels was executed on the third day by trained medical personnel after the subject did the moderate aerobic
exercise. Data analysis used was the Mann-Whitney test for VO2 max value and Saphiro-Wilk test for
lymphocytes and the Mann-Whitney test for eosinophil levels. The results of the data analysis is the VO2 max
value between groups were significantly different (p = 0.000) and there were no difference in lymphocytes (p >
0.05) and eosinophil (p > 0.05) count between groups after the moderate aerobic exercise. We conclude that
basketball players student have a better VO2 max value than non-basketball players and moderate aerobic
exercise were unable to make any significant difference between the groups in the number of lymphocytes and
eosinophils

Women's Breast Cancer ranks first among other type in Iraq and the world. It often detects because of
examinations performed in patients on familial cancer history. Approximately, 10% of hereditary breast cancer
represents of all breast cancer cases and BRCA1/2 represented the responsible genes. Mutations in the BRCA1/2
germ increases the risk of hereditary breast cancer twenty times more. Therefore, the detection of BRCA1/2
genes mutations is important for the diagnosis, treatment and application of clinical methods of patients. New
generation sequencing is more useful than classical methods. With this method, a patient-specific clinical
treatment can be customized, treatment, and early diagnosis, facilitates new discoveries, identification of existing
mutations, primarily breast and ovarian cancer.
In this study, the female patients had selected between the ages of 18-49 living in Nineveh-Iraq and having
demographic identical qualities, the samples taken within the consent of the participants were examined and
some significant mutations had been detected. Bioinformatics studies of variants evaluatedas pathogenic were
performed. In addition, variants of unknown clinical significance were identified and listed.Based on the results
obtained in the study, it is concluded that tests should be applied directly in the laboratory environment to
develop an understanding based on the Next Generation Sequencing approach for the detection of BRCA1 and
BRCA2 mutations and to evaluate the functional role of the mutations. In addition, our study draws a conclusion
for the early diagnosis of the New Generation Sequencing technique and the development of a personalized,
patient-specific treatment approach.

: COVID-19 is a very risky inflammation which may lead to death. In this study, a total of (83) patients with corona virus were enrolled in Al- Numan Hospital during the period from 15th February to 15th November 2020. The results of age distribution showed that the age group (40-59) years was most vulnerable 11(45.8%) to acute infection with COVID-19, followed by the age group (20-39) 9(37.5%) P=0.741. The results of anti-COVID-19 IgM antibody (COVID-19 IgM) incidence in the studied cases according to their residency showed that acute incidence of COVID- 19 in rural areas was higher than in urban areas, P=0.090. Laboratory investigations demonstrated that lymphocyte count increased 43(51.8%) cases, while it decreased in 15(18.1%) of them. However, the hemoglobin concentration and the packed cells volume were low for all patients with COVID-19, 83(100.0%). The CRP value was elevated in 76(91.6) of patients in comparison with the control group, P= 0.005.
 

The existence and prevalence of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum βlactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in the river water is a major cause of numerous diseases worldwide. In this study, the molecular characterization of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria producing ESBL encoding genes was investigated for a better understanding of the risk factors and public health issues. The potential ESBL-producing bacterial species were detected using 16S ribose ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This served as a screening step to detect potential ESBLs encoding genes which were confirmed by phenotypes (DDST and E-test) and genotypes (PCR) assays with the presence of the bla genes; TEM, CTX-M, OXA-1 and SHV. Furthermore, all the confirmed bacterial isolates producing ESBL encoding genes were analysed for antibiotic susceptibility patterns against 10 different classes of antibiotics as a choice of therapy using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by the disc diffusion method. The highest bacterial isolates were confirmed as Enterobacteriaceae (89.5%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among the 20 bacterial isolates, 12 (60 %) bacteria possessed one or more ESBLs encoding genes. Relatively high occurrence rates of β-lactamase genes; bla TEM 35%, bla SHV 20%, bla OXA-15% and bla CTX-M 10% were recorded. All the ESBLs encoding isolates showed high resistance to penicillin’s, third-generation cephalosporins, monobactams, cephamycins and carbapenems. High occurrences of ESBLs producing bacteria in the environment pose a threat to exposed communities. Therefore, early detection of MDR beta-lactamase mediated resistance genes are essential to avoid numerous diseases due to the dissemination of ESBLs producing strains.

A field and laboratory study was conducted with the aim of studying the spatial variation of some morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of different areas in Basra Province, southern Iraq, using remote sensing technology by isolating soil units and identifying typical locations for digging pedons representing each soil unit. The results showed that there is a variation in some characteristics of the morphological soils between the pedons sites according to the landscape and the different source of sedimentation, and this discrepancy in general reflects the influence of the local factors of each pedons, including the physiographic location and the nature of land use . The study area was characterized by an Angular blocking structure, and the presence of a state of variation in the natural drainage between the studied sites, ranging from moderately well drained to excessive well drained, as for the depth of the soil, it can be described as very deep to moderately shallow. In addition, the results of the physical analysis showed that there was a variation in the texture in both vertical and horizontal directions in the study area with the dominance of silt and clay particles and a decrease in the percentage of sand particles in most regions, except for the pedons located in Umm Qasr and Safwan represented by pedons 4 and 5. The percentage of sand increased and the percentage of clay decreased, as well. Mean weight Diameter values ​​increased at the surface horizons and decreased with depth . The results of the chemical analysis showed that the organic matter content of pedons ranged between 1.8 - 37.1 g kg^-1 and that the highest values appeared in the surface horizons, especially in pedon 1, and the high calcium carbonate content throughout the study area ranged between 85 - 425 g kg^-1 with the presence of homogeneity With depth .

The study investigated the relationship between the polymorphism of the IL-9 gene at position -6676  for the variation rs1799962 for tonsillitis among patients in Baquba, which included 31 male samples with an average age of (15.65 ± 1.79) years compared to 5 healthy males with an average age (14.66 ± 3.43) years enrolled in this study the polymorphism of IL9_-6676 was data waved by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primer (PCR-SSP) assay.As the results of the electrophoresis of the IL- 9 gene at position -6676  showed a comparison genotypes & alleles between tonsillitis patients & controls frequencies of AA genotype & A allele, showed that a significant increase in patients with tonsillitis (45.16% and 72.58% P =1.000  respectively) Compared to the control (70% and 40% P= 0.431 respectively) and associated RR rates were(8.6% and 38.0%  respectively.) and And the related EF values were (1.24 and 1.75). In contrast AG genotype & G allele (35.48 vs. 17.74, P =0.357 respectively). Decreased frequency was observed in patients compared to the control (30% and 60% P =0.431) , and the related PF values were (0.37 and 0.57 respectively). The results of the study indicate that IL9_-6676 SNP may have a role in the mechanism of etiopathogenic. It was observed that it has a negative and positive role in the samples with tonsillitis in the samples of  Iraqi patients

This research is conducted to evaluate the levels of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) in fruits and vegetables which are cultivated in farms in different areas of Al-Samawah city, Iraq. The estimation of heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The collectedsamples were digested using tri-acid mixture of HNO₃, HClO₄ and  H₂SO₄(5:1:1). The results showed that fruit samples were within the permissible levels according to (WHO/FAO), with concentrations of Pb (0.101 -0.405 mg/kg), Cd (0.007 - 0.032 mg/kg), Cr (0.013- 0.131mg/kg) Hg (0.002 - 0.003 mg/kg). For vegetables,results showed thatthe highest concentration of Pb was detected in olive and basil samples with values of 2.122 mg/kg and 2.538 mg/kg,  respectively. Pb concentrationsfor the rest of vegetables were within the permissible levels with concentrations ranged at (0.109 -1.451mg/kg). On the other hand, tomatoes showed high levels of Cd with value of (0.211 mg/kg), the results of this metal for the rest of vegetables were at the permissible limitwith values ranged of (0.003- 0.095 mg/kg). The levels of Cr and Hg for vegetables were at the permissible limit with values ranged at (0.110 - 0.326mg/kg), (0.001 - 0.008 mg/kg) respectively.The results indicatesthat fruits and vegetables samples are not contaminated with arsenic,as this metal is not detected by AAS instrument.

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune origin acute peripheral neuropathy, in which rapid motor weakness occurs and is mostly triggered by a previous infection. It occurs at a rate of2.7 per 1,00,000 per year and is more common in men than women.According to modern science, treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis, both are expensive, and successful within few days of disease appearance.There is no direct descriptionof this disease, available in Ayurvedic texts,few scholars correlated GB Syndrome with Sarvanga Vata. As this disorder is auto immune, few also correlate with Gara Visha.  It can be considered as Anukta Vyadhi having correlation with Pitta Vikriti, Kapha Kshaya and  Vata Prakopa.A 15 years old male patient was brought on wheel chair to All India Institute of Ayurveda, with complaint of unable to walk without support, stepping gait, weakness in bilateral lower limbs(Rt>Lt) for 6 months, pain in both calf muscles and altered sensation of bilateral feet(Lt>Rt) for few months.The patient was treated based on the principles of Vatavyadhi chikitsaandRasayana Chikitsa which includeDeepana Pachana, Udwartana(massage with medicated powders), Abhyanga (oleation therapy), Ruksha Churna Pinda Sweda(fomentation with warm dry powder),Swedana (fomentation), Kalabasti (medicated enema procedure),Parisheka (fomentation by pouring of warm oil) and Shamana Chikitsa. Patient was admitted in the hospital for 47 days and follow up was done for further 2 months.The assessment was done on Foot and Ankle Stability Measure Scaleand Ankle Hindfoot Scale . Ayurvedic management gave significant improvement and patient was able to walk without support, improved gait, started doing cycling and pain was relieved while discharge from hospital.

Avabahuka is a disorder that normally affects the sandhi of Amsa. As per AcharyaSushruta and the other AcharyasAvabahuka is one among VatajaVikara. Amsashosha can be considered a preliminary stage of the disease in which the absence or dryness of Sleshakakapha from amsasandhi occurs. In Aharajahetu like harenu, jambava, kalaya, kalinga, masooraand Viharajhetu like Atigamana, Atilanghana, Atiplavana, Atiprapatana, Atiprapeedana, Atiraktamokshana, Atishrama, Ativyayama, Ativyavaya, Gajaticarya. Avabahuka is an illness caused by vitiated Vatadosha. The purpose of the review is to study the impact of BrihmanaNasya in Avabahuka.

Background: In the last few decades, industrialization, urbanization, economic development and market globalization have had a significant impact on changes in lifestyle and diet. Thus, food choices and nutritional intake greatly affect oral health and body weight. This has a significant impact on health and nutrition, particularly through higher carbohydrate intake and lower physical activity, particularly among younger members of the population. High sugar intake, such as sugar-containing snacks and soft drinks, was reported it is more common in children/adolescents who are overweight and obesity than those of normal weight. Frequent sugar intake is also a risk factor for dental caries. Given this, there is strong evidence that supports the relationship between dental caries and dietary intake has been associated with the development of obesity at a young age. Thus, it is possible to conclude that there is a biological relationship between dental caries and body weight. Objective: To see the relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases were drawn from the literature to support this review and information on the relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Result/Discussion: There is some scientific evidence showing a specific relationship between body mass index and dental caries in children. Conclusion:Body mass index has a significantrelationshipwiththeincidenceof dental caries in children. However, thisconditiondoes not account for which category the incidence of dental cariesis greatest. This is associated with multifactorial interactions that mutually influence the occurrence of dental caries in children.

health in Indonesia. Dental and oral health in children is an important factor that must be considered as early as possible. Therefore, knowledge of children, especially knowledge of malocclusion, must be considered more because if a children experiences malocclusion it can affect tooth grow that a laterage. Down Syndromeis a chromosomal disorder thatresults in mental retardation. Mental retardationis a worldwide problem with major implications, especially for developing countries. It is estimated that the incidence of severe mental retardationisabout 0.3% ofthe total population, andnearly 3% havean IQ below 70%. As human resources, ofcourse they cannot be utilized, because 0.1% of these children need care, guidanceandsupervisionthroughouttheirliving.Objective: To review the frequency of malocclusion in DownSyndromechildren. Methods: Scientific evidence and clinical cases were drawn from the literature to support this review and information on the frequency of malocclusion in childrenwith Down Syndromewascollected.Result/Discussion: There are several types of malocclusion that often occur in children with DownSyndrome. Some of them are associated with class III Anglemalocclusion, crowding, and anterior open bite. Conclusion:Down Syndrome is one of the most studied genetic syndromes because of its frequency in our population and its medical significance. Malocclusion was observed in 92% of subjects with Downsyndrome. The incidence of malocclusion is higher in children/adolescents with Down Syndrome than in individuals without the syndrome. Class III malocclusion is most frequently observed.

- If   is a polynomial of degree n such that in , , then Govil [ Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Vol. 50, pp. 50-52, 1980. ] proved
                                    ,                                
provided  and attain their maxima at the same point on the circle , where .
Equality in the above inequality holds for.
In this paper, we extend the above inequality and an improved version of this into polar derivative of a polynomial. 
 

Large-scale Internet of Things deployments demand long-range wireless communications, especially in urban and metropolitan areas. LoRa is one of the most promising technologies in this context due to its simplicity and flexibility. Indeed, deploying LoRa networks in dense Internet of Things scenarios must achieve two main goals i.e., efficient communications among many devices and resilience against dynamic channel conditions due to demanding environmental settings like the presence of many buildings. The project work investigates adaptive mechanisms to configure the communication parameters of LoRa networks in dense IoT scenarios and developed an open-source framework for end-to-end LoRa simulations. We then implement and evaluate LoRa to dynamically manage link parameters for scalable and efficient network operations. Our proposed solution significantly increases both the reliability and the energy efficiency of communications over a channel, almost irrespective of the network size. To show that the delivery ratio of very dense networks can be further improved by using a network-aware approach, wherein the link parameters are configured based on the global knowledge of the network.

Crop farming in India is labored intensive and obsolete. Farming is still dependent on techniques which were evolved hundreds of years ago and does not take care of conservation of resources. The newer scenario of decreasing water tables, drying up of rivers and tanks, unpredictable environment presents an urgent need of proper utilization of water. We have the technology to bridge the gap between water usage and water wastage. Technology used in some developed countries is too expensive and complicated for a common farmer to understand. Our project is to give cheap, reliable, cost efficient and easy to use technology which would help in conservation of resources such as water and in atomizing farms. We proposed use of Position sensor, Light intensity sensor, temperature sensor, Remote lights, and switches at suitable locations for monitoring of crops. The sensing system is based on a feedback control mechanism with a centralized control. The sensor data would be collected in a central processing unit which would take further action. Thus, by providing right amount of water we would increase the efficiency of the farm. The farmer can also look at the sensory data and decide course of action himself. We have made the interface of our project keeping in view the educational and financial background of average Indian farmer. In this project we proposed a low cost and efficient wireless sensor network technique to acquire the Position and light from various locations of farm and as per the need of crop controller take the decision to make irrigation ON or OFF.

Volatile memories like double data rate random access memory or non-volatile memories like embedded flash memory are key components in most of the embedded systems, especially in today’s mobile video processing systems. There is a requirement to use the on-chip and offchip embedded memories very efficiently to meet the end user requirements. Increasingly dominating power consumption and shortening battery life of mobile devices is a key factor which is to be considered while designing and developing the embedded systems and embedded software solutions. Traditional hardware-level power optimization techniques usually come with significant implementation overhead to solve the memory failure problems during lowvoltage operations. This paper presents advanced mobile video memory optimization techniques which indirectly reduces power consumption and increases the overall system performance. The viewing contexts significantly influence the quality of the viewer experience, and in the context with higher quality, mobile users have higher tolerance to the video degradation. Accordingly, the memory failures can be introduced adaptively to achieve power savings without influencing the viewer experience. To meet the silicon area constraint in mobile devices, a simple but an efficient hardware implementation scheme can be developed based on these optimization techniques to minimize area overhead. Input mp4 video will be processed by various techniques like bicubic, bilinear, nearest neighbor and H264 compression to generate output mp4 videos with various memory sizes. The simulation results will also be provided.

The content of total phenolics, DPPH-free radical scavenging effect, total antioxidant activities, and nutritional properties of Thua Nao (TN), a Thai traditional fermented soybean, collected from four ethnics’ conventional methods in Northern Thailand were investigated. In general, the samples contained 6.18–7.04% moisture, 3.24–3.78% ash, 47.43-49.50% protein, and 4.16–4.88% fat. The total phenolic contents of methanol extracts of the various TN, varying on the source of sampling, range between 31.45 and 39.54 (mg/L of gallic acid). For antioxidant activity, the IC50 values as determined by the DPPH method ranged from 22.52 to 2.81 mg/mL of sample extract. There may be variations between these properties. Because of the variety of soybeans, the fermentation method, and starter microorganism species. Our study provides detailed information regarding the nutritive quality of TN. The commodity tends to be a decent source of protein-based on protein content and a potent in the antioxidant diet with high phytochemical antioxidant content and powerful antioxidant activity.

MANETs possess a high degree of node mobility due to dynamic fluctuations in the network topology. It is difficult to construct a stable and reliable network path in such cases so data security plays a crucial role in such dynamic networks. In the proposed research methodology, an efficient collaborative attack detection scheme is proposed to identify the possible threats and attacks introduced by the malicious nodes in the network. Further, an optimization technique involving a hybrid CSA and GA algorithm is employed for enhancing the performance of the proposed CBD technique by improving the network strategy.

The purpose of the paper is to consider the overlooked field of patient engagement; and to recognise key issues related to patient engagement via social media in order to improve the quality of   care given.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on a systematic literature review, supplemented by findings from the ongoing analysis of Patient Interaction through Social Media to Enhance Quality Treatment, the author would be in aposition to establish a classification of wider patent issues to be addressed through social media.
Findings
The author will try to recognise obstacles to the adoption of patient engagement practises along with some potential solutions.
Practical implications
The paper explores how these patient service strategies can be helpful to hospitals if their face    value is followed.

Everyone is quarantined at home. Men and Women at least go out for work, but the young adults with the educational institutions shut indefinitely stay at home the whole day. Navigating them through this safely is a greater challenge. Young adults from age 12 to 18 are really hard to handle; in a sense, no one can offer to take decisions for them. Adolescence is the stage where they struggle to strike a balance between taking their own decision and following the elders' advice. But during this dynamic situation where they have to be safely guided and at the same time, be engaged, reading comes as a rescue. Parents cannot work all the time in keeping these adults engaged, and it is better to devise a plan that can help them make them work. Adults tend to get bored easily, and it is really hard to get their attention through some work. Here is where the already existing SQ3R and SOAR methods can be combined to help them overcome their boredom during this lockdown. This paper aims to combine these two techniques effectively but in a lighter manner and encourage them to use their time for their personal growth.

In spite of developments in breast tumors management therapeutic approaches, relapsing, metastasis and resisitant are highly observed among the patients, consequently, reduced overall survival. previously, considerable attention has been placed on the intrinsic subtyping depended in the existence or absence of traditional immunohistochemistry (IHC) markers for example estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-related protein (HER2). However, it is extensively understood that cancers are consisted of heterogeneous populations of cells with a hierarchical organization established by cancer stem cells (CSCs). In breast cancers, this CSCs displaying stem cell characteristics is identified as breast CSCs (BCSCs). This small population display a CD44+/CD24−/low phenotype with high ALDH activity (ALDH+ ), and owns advanced tolerability to chemotherapy, other cancer therapeutic approaches and has the capability of tumor bulk reproduction after reduction of cell populations sensitive to first-line therapy which leads to cancer recurrence. In this review, we present special consideration to BCSCs with future guidelines in the creation of a targeted therapy for this population.

This paper aims to explore the composition of “Job Performance” for employees in IT Industry of Pune city.The paper applies data reduction using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a sample of 273 respondents and reduces a set of 13compensation management practices determinants into a list of three comprehensible factors.The present study investigate the impact of compensation management practices determinants on the employee job performance.The study found that remuneration, identification and recreational facilities are impacting significantly the employee job performance. Therefore, IT Companies should focus on the above factors to provide enrich employee job performance.

At present the state is producing about 10 lakh cubic meters of black and colored granites. According to the Central Government, Chittoor and Prakasam Districts are Industrially Backward Districts in Andhra Pradesh. Granite industry plays a pivotal role in the economic development of these Districts. A sound capital structure leads to increase the value of the firm, proper utilization of available funds, minimization of cost of capital, maximization of returns, etc. Majority of granite enterprises are suffering with heavy losses as per my first hand observation in Chittoor and Prakasam Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The enigma pertaining to the status is that whether the people are sufficiently strong enough invest required financial structure. So the present study is undertaken to know the source of finance and financial structure of micro, small and medium enterprises in granite industry in Chittoor and Prakasam Districts of Andhra Pradesh. The objectives of the present study are to know the ability of the granite entrepreneurs by attending campaign programmes to get financial assistance, to identify the purpose of loan taken, met financial requirement and subsidy availed by the granite entrepreneurs, and to study the financial structure of the granite enterprises and offer suggestions to maintain an optimal capital structure in Chittoor and Prakasam Districts of Andhra Pradesh during the study period. The granite enterprises were not maintaining an optimum capital structure and Small and medium enterprises did not maintain the standard debt-equity ratio (1 to 1.5) in the study area. It is suggested that small and medium enterprises should try to increase the debt to maintain the standard debt-equity ratio (1 to 1.5) and optimum capital structure, if there is a possibility to utilize this debt, and then they will get tax-benefit. Otherwise an additional debt will be cause for financial risk.

Long-term consciousness impairment and mental and physical disabilities are seen in almost all patients after brain traumas of varying severities. Given the neuroprotective and stimulating properties of caffeine, the present study intended to investigate the effect of caffeine on the consciousness level and recovery rate of children and adolescent patients with moderate brain traumas (8<GCS<13). A total of 100 children and adolescent (6-17years old) patients with moderate brain trauma due to diffuse axonal injury were randomly assigned to two groups of 50. One week after trauma, in the caffeine group patients who were physiologically stable received caffeine tablets as 2.5 mg/kg/day and placebo in the second group through gavages for one month. The consciousness level and the recovery rate were assessed with GCS after one month and GOSE after six months, respectively. The two groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics and GCS score at baseline (9.2 vs. 9.6) (p=0.581), but the mean GCS score was significantly better in the caffeine group (11.2) than the control group (9.84) after one month (p=0.024). Besides, the mean GOSE score was significantly better in the caffeine group (6.24) than the control group (4.74) after six months (p=0.036). It seems that the administration of caffeine after the acute phase of moderate brain trauma in children and adolescent patients can improve the consciousness and performance of these patients.

Background and Objectives:
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders that sometimes begins in childhood and adolescence. Epidemiological studies have reported the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in a high clinical population; hence, the use of new methods can be very useful. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of neurofeedback on working-memory in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Method:
A total of 20 obsessive-compulsive patients were selected by convenient sampling and were randomly placed in two groups of 10 (experimental and control). In this study, the N-back test was used to collect information from the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). In the beginning, the pretest was done and then the experimental intervention (neurofeedback) was performed on the experimental group during 15 one-hour sessions. At the end of the treatment program, a post-test was given to both groups. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANCOVA) was used for data analysis.
Results:
The results showed that neurofeedback is significantly associated with increased working memory and decreased symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder in people with obsessive-compulsive syndrome (p <0.05).
Conclusion:
Neurofeedback training increases working memory in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder; therefore, it can be used as an effective method with regard to these patients.

Objective:
Using cell culture and tissue culture techniques, many researchers are working to elucidate the hormonal factors necessary for the structural differentiation and functional activities of ovarian tissue. Therefore, in this study, we have studied ovarian tissue culture on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow. Hence, in this study, we examined ovarian tissue culture on mesenchymal stem cells isolated from cultured adipose tissue.
Materials and Methods:
In this study, mesenchymal stem cells became isolated from adipose tissue of the mouse. After four days and monolayer formation of Mesenchymal stem cells, obtained ovarian was placed on the cultured Mesenchymal stem cells’ monolayer for 7 days.
Results:
The results of this study show that numbers of mature follicles for treat group compared to the control group were 61/2±1/2 and 38/1 ± 9/9, respectively which had a significant increase compared to control group (P<0/05). This shows the efficiency of tissue culture in co-culture with Mesenchymal stem cells. Also, the amount of internal solo layers of treat group (31/2 ± 5/2) had no significant difference compared to the control group (24/1 ± 7/9).
Conclusion:
According to the results yielded regarding the number and quality of obtained follicles, it seems that this method is efficient and of high importance in producing mature follicles, and subsequently high-quality oocytes and embryo.

The purpose of this study is to determine the structural relationship between alexithymia and somatization in the students of the Islamic Azad University of Marand. The statistical population in this study consists of all students of Islamic Azad University of Marand (8881 students due to the announced statistics). The statistical sample consists of 267 students, who were selected using the Morgan table and using a cluster sampling method. For data collection purposes, The Toronto-Alexithymia-Scale (TAS-20), and Paul wainwright's physical symptoms scale (1991) were used. The validity and reliability of the scales were confirmed. The results obtained from the study by regression analysis showed that components such as alexithymia and difficulty in identifying and describing the feelings can predict the physical symptoms in the students.

The indoor air quality of public utility places is very important for human health. Bioaerosols concentration in ambient air quality conditions have effects on the ecosystem and human health. In this study, it is aimed to determine the diversity and number of indoor bioaerosols before and after using the nano-plasma air purification system in a room used as a clean room in Van Regional Training and Research Hospital and to determine its effectiveness. The air samples were collected using passive air sampling method 3 different places 4 Petri dishes (blood agar, EMB agar, SD agar, and chocolate agar, RTA laboratories, Turkey) for a while of 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours in 75 m3 room. The collected agar plates were incubated in the microbiology laboratory of our hospital for 24 hours. Growing microorganisms were evaluated with a conventional and automated device (VITEK 2, bioMe´rieux, France). Before using the nano-plasma air purifier device, the culture results of bioaerosols were found 120 CFU / Petri and 18 different types of microorganisms and 4 hours after using the nano-plasma air purifier device, 20 CFU / Petri and 8 different types of microorganisms (Table 2,3 Figure 1,2). The most produced microorganisms are gram-positive bacteria while the air purifier nano-plasma device is used and the most dominant is Micrococcus spp. was determined. As a result, it was determined that air cleaning devices were very effective in decreasing the number and variety of microorganisms in the indoor air as a cleanroom in the hospital.

Introduction:
Chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in children generally affected the child's normal function. Lead poisoning has many symptoms, which is one of the most prominent symptoms of abdominal pain, besides, in our country, various factors may lead children to exposure to lead. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of lead poisoning in children with CAP by measuring the level of blood to give a guide to a pediatrician to propose this diagnosis in the early stages of their evaluations.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was all children referred to the clinic with chronic abdominal pain. Informed consent was obtained from their parents, and then a self-designed checklist containing demographic information and variables was given to the parents by the project. Blood samples were also taken from the patients to determine the level of lead in the blood of the patients.
Results:
93 children aged 1-15 years with chronic abdominal pain were referred to the pediatric GI referral clinic the results showed that 18(19.4%) had lead contamination, 2(2.2%) had lead poisoning and the only clinical symptoms such as bone pain (p-value = 0.013), aggression (p-value = 0.036), and anemia (p-value = 0.004) were significantly related to lead contamination.  Fifteen (83%) of children with chronic abdominal pain had opium addicted (p-value = 0.02).
Conclusion:
Due to the high level of lead contamination in Kerman city, the risk of lead poisoning increases the future generation .Therefore, extensive investigations should be performed to find possible sources of lead contamination. An attempt to resolve these problems is indispensable.

Coronaviruses are a novel significant pandemic infectious disease  that was identified mainly causing respiratory symptoms in Wuhan At the end of 2019  [1]. Bell's palsy is the most common cause of peripheral facial palsy due to a viral etiology. Pain in the mastoid area can be the first symptoms and cause facial hemiparesis [2,3] We describe a case of Covid-19-related subacute thyroiditis.

Background:
Attending physicians must holistically consider medical trainees, must not expect trainees to abide by several laws and regulations, and other aspects as individuals should not be overlooked. Current supervision doesn’t meet the needs of medical trainees.There is an agreement in the works of literature that clinical supervision has three functions, which include managerial, educational, and supportive.
Objectives:
The current study aimed to explore the core components of clinical supervision functions as perceived by medical trainees.
Methods:
 
This qualitative study was carried out using a directed content analysis. Purposive sampling with maximum variation was used to select the participants from medical trainees in teaching hospitals of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. A semi-structured interview was the main approach to data collection. Saturation was achieved after interviewing 13 participants.
Results:
In this study, eight categories were extracted from interviews. Includes irregularity in the clinical settings, establishment of discipline, and clinical educator as a teacher, conflict resolution, improving resilience, peer support, professionalism, and Observance of patient’s rights.
Conclusions:
This study highlights important areas where functions of clinical supervision need improvement in order to maximize their benefit to the medical trainees. Therefore, all three supervision functions should be simultaneously applied for being a qualified doctor by an attending physicians (APs).

Background and Aims:
One of the complications of coronary artery bypass graft is reperfusion injury and myocardial damage. In vitro, intralipid has been able to reduce the size of the infarct area. In this study, intralipid was compared to saline for ejection fraction, lactate, and hemodynamic parameters of patients.
Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft with age<70 years and with an ejection fraction > 35%. The induction of anesthesia was performed in a similar manner and by a same surgeon for all patients. After intensive care unit transfer and the extubation, saline and 20% intralipid solutions were injected into the subjects in the control and intervention groups, respectively, on three hours. Before and after the injection of solutions, ejection fraction and serum lactate level were assessed by a special cardiologist. Moreover, heart rate and mean blood pressure were measured every 30 min from the onset of infusion to the end of the study. Data was analyzed with SPSS software version 16. P-value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results:
Sixty patients were divided into two same groups. Both groups were homogeneous for demographic characteristics and euroscore. Although, there was a significant increase in ejection fraction for two groups during the study (P=0.00 in both groups). But, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding EF (P=0.26). Lactate serum level decreased significantly in both groups; that was more in the intralipid group (P=0.001). In addition, mean arterial pressure significantly decreased in both groups (P=0.001 and P=0.00 in control and intralipid groups, respectively), that was higher in the intralipid group, compared with the control group (P=0.001). Also, the patients’ heart rate decreased in both groups, and it was more in the intralipid group (P=0.01).
 
 
Conclusion:
In our study, intralipid infusion improved the hemodynamic status of patients and was better than saline group. Also the level of serum lactate was lower in patients of the intralipid group. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the ejection fraction level. Given the low complications of intralipid administration and improved n

Background:
The reference laboratory examination for the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; nonetheless, given its false-negative results, chest computed tomography (CT) is deemed a worthier method. We aimed to define the chest CT characteristics of patients with COVID-19 who suffered from an underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and determine the correlation between short-term clinical outcomes and imaging features. 
Results:
Our retrospective cross-sectional study registered 36 patients with definitive COVID‐19 pneumonia suffered from an underlying CVD. For all the patients, imaging and laboratory evaluations were done within 3 to 6 days from symptom onset. Imaging and lab findings and short-term clinical outcomes were recorded and analyzed. In our population (mean age of 51.22 ± 20.59 years), 20 (55.6%) patients improved and 16 (44.4%) expired. The most frequent pulmonary parenchymal patterns were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (97.2%, 35/36), pulmonary arterial focal dilatation (72.2%, 26/36), consolidation (63.9%, 23 /36), and bronchial wall thickening (63.9%, 23/36). The mortality rate was higher in the presence of the crazy-paving pattern (72.7%, 8 /11), multilobar lung disease (53.8%, 14/26), and lobar pulmonary involvement (100%, 5/5) (all Ps < 0.05). The median of the total severity score (TSS) was higher in the non-surviving patients (P = 0.06).
Conclusions:
The most common CT features were GGO, pulmonary arterial focal dilatation, consolidation, and bronchial wall thickening. The crazy-paving pattern, multilobar involvement, lobar pneumonia, higher TSS, and also particular CT characteristics in CVD cases with anemia and lymphopenia were significant indicators of mortality.

Introduction and objective:
There is an obvious need to evaluate the knowledge level of dentists about dental stem cells, as a new technology. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge level of dentists in Kerman city about dental stem cells during the years 2018-2019.
Methodology:
This descriptive-analytical type of cross-sectional study was conducted on 378 general dentists in Kerman city during the years 2018-2019. Census sampling was used in this study. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess knowledge. Pearson correlation, t-test and variance analysis were used to analyze the data. P Results:
The mean score of dentists' knowledge was obtained 13.16 ± 3.55 in this study. There was no significant relationship between the knowledge level of dentists and basic skill and initial place of starting to work (P = 0.865 and P = 0.974, respectively). However, there was a significant relationship between dentists' level of knowledge and gender, age, history of participation in related seminars, duration of activity (employment history), rate of study of scientific articles and willingness to participate in training courses (P = 0.008, P = 0.008, P =0.0001, P =0.03, P =0.0001 and P =0.0001, respectively).
Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that dentists' knowledge about dental stem cells is not at the acceptable level and it is possible to enhance the knowledge level and clinical application by providing the necessary resources and trainings.

Introduction:
Statins are effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Their favorable effects on various aspects of the oral health including positive effects on bone metabolism and their pleiotropic effects such as anti-inflammatory properties made this group of drugs as a current area of interest in the field of orthodontic relapse. Our review systematically investigates and evaluates the quality of the available evidence regarding the effects of Statins on relapse after orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods:
A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, ISI web of science, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane databases for studies measuring the effects of Statins on the amount of relapse after orthodontic treatment up until February 2020 was performed. To assess risk of bias and study quality while in our review SYRCLE and COMARADES tools were used. The protocol of this review was registered via (crd.york.ac.uk/Prospero) with the ID CRD42020170389.
Results:
Seven animal trials were finally included in this review. According to the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) Tool, all of the included studies had at least one domain in high risk of bias. Four studies reported decrease in the orthodontic relapse after statins administration, but 3 studies showed no statistically significant changes.
Conclusions: 
Based upon the animal studies and methodological inconsistencies among the included studies, conclusive confirmation regarding the effect of Statins on relapse after orthodontic treatment remains debatable.

Objectives
This study aimed to assess the effect of using chlorhexidine (CHX)-releasing elastomeric ligatures on the number of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in the saliva and dental plaque and on elastomeric ligatures in orthodontic patients.
Materials and Methods:
This double-blind clinical trial evaluated 30 orthodontic patients between 14 to 25 years, who were randomly divided into two groups. CHX-releasing elastomeric ligatures were used in the test group while the conventional elastomeric ligatures were used for the control group. Saliva samples were collected at baseline, and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the intervention. Plaque samples were also collected at baseline and after 28 days. Elastomeric ligatures were collected in both groups after 28 days. The collected samples were cultured to count the number of S. mutans. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.
Results:
The salivary count of S. mutans was significantly lower in the test group at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days (P<0.05). The S. mutans count on the surface of CHX-releasing ligatures was significantly lower than that on the surface of conventional ligatures (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was noted in S. mutans count in plaque samples between the two groups (P>0.05). The salivary level of S. mutans significantly decreased during the course of study in the test group.
Conclusion:
CHX-releasing elastomeric ligatures can significantly decrease the salivary count of S. mutans in orthodontic patients.

Background and Objectives
Early detection and elimination of dental calculus are imperative for prevention and management of periodontal disease. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of reverse contrast and sharpen image processing filters of indirect digital radiography for calculus detection.
Materials and Methods:
In this in vitro, experimental study, 95 extracted human premolars were mounted in a sheep mandible, and underwent digital radiography. Pieces of calculus measuring 0.5 mm in diameter were then adhered to the cementoenamel junction of the teeth and they underwent digital radiography again. Next, the radiographs were enhanced once with the sharpen, and once with the reverse contrast image processing filter. All radiographs were then observed by two observers. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated.
Results:
The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of original radiographs, those enhanced with sharpen, and those enhanced with reverse contrast were 31%, 96%, 88% and 58%, 41%, 96%, 91%, and 62%, and 33%, 99%, 97% and 59%, respectively. The sharpen filter resulted in higher sensitivity than original images and those enhanced with reverse contrast. Reverse contrast resulted in higher specificity than the other two image types. However, none of these differences were statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusion:
Reverse contrast and sharpen image processing filters could not significantly enhance the detection of calculus on digital radiographs.

According to the statistics, the disease with which most of the women die is breast cancer. Lot of new cases and deaths because of this cancer places this disease as a major public health issue. The diagnosis of this disease at the starting stages will help the treatment by which the mortality can be reduced. This leads to extensive research in the diagnosis and classification of patients based on its malignancy. Lot of machine learning algorithms was used to diagnose this disease. This work analyses the various works done in this area. Also it shows the comparative study of those algorithms.

Many women of mid-age suffer with breast cancer. Study says, this disease is the major reason behind the mortality. Since this became a main issue, lot of researches were done in identifying the cause of this. If a woman can predict the possibility of this disease based on her other characteristics, she can be vigilant and can treat early. The identification of malignancy of this disease is the need of the hour. This can be achieved by using classification and prediction algorithms. This paper implements different machine learning techniques for this aim and analyses efficiency of those algorithms. The analysis was made based on Wisconsin breast cancer dataset (WBCD).
 

Objective: to study the characteristics of the diabetic retinopathy and some related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Subject and Research Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study on 80 patients with type 2 diabetes to be examined and treated at the Internal Medicine Department of Thai Binh Medical University Hospital from January to December 2019.
Result:

The percentage of patients with damage to the retina accounts for 42.5%; of which, 38.8% were non-proliferative retinopathy, 17.5% were macular disease, 2.5% were pre-proliferative retinopathy and 1.2% were proliferative retinopathy.
The risk of retinal damage increased higher in women than in men; the OR coeffecient of subgroups, namely age ≥ 70 years; diabetic duration ≥ 10 years; BMI ≥ 23 (kg/m2), hypertension, was 1.4; 2.5; 4.0; 4.5; 2.5, respectively. Patients with blood glucose ≥ 7 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 7%; total cholesterol > 5.2 mmol/L, triglyceride > 1.88 mmol/L had higher risk of retinopathy with OR coefficient of 2.3; 2.5; 3.2; 2.0, respectively. Patients who were non-compliance with treatment had 3.8 times higher risk of retinopathy than those who complied with treatment.

Conclusion: the percentage of patients with retinopathy was 42.5%, the risk of retinopathy increased in patients with one of the following characteristics: female, age ≥ 70 years, duration of diabetes ≥ 10 years, BMI ≥ 23 (kg / m2), hypertension, blood glucose concentration ≥ 7 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥ 7%; cholesterol> 5.2 mmol/L, triglyceride> 1.88 mmol/L.

Unique mononuclear complexes were synthesized from their precursor compounds by Schiff base condensation. The mononuclear manganese(III) and zinc(II) complexes were spectrally characterized. Elemental, hydrolysis activities were also carried out. The complexes were screened to probe their potential for DNA binding, antifungal and antibacterial activities.

Electro chemistry is the process in which the electrons are “added” and “removed” from the molecule or the ion which is there in the electro chemical cell to produce “organic” and “inorganic” compound, to convert and store the energy, for the galvanic deposition of metal and alloy. Electron addition (reduction) takes place at the cathode, while electron removal (oxidation) occurs at the anode. Electro chemistry is very useful in protecting the corrosion, in sensor devices, and in other different technologies that involve the transfer of charge at an electrified interface. The electro chemical surface technologies are becoming the main issue because majority of commercial product goes through some kind of “surface treatment” so that its look, functionality, and properties can be improved.
 
KEYWORDS: Conventional technology, Energy-transfer processes, Photo potential, Photo current.

Self-esteem plays an important role in disorders related to human’s psychology. Self-esteem is a basic need of human as it is pre-requisite for motivation. It boosts up the morale of human being as it builds up positive self-image and positive attitude.A good education system provides student basic knowledge and learning skills to all the students regardless of their age, sex, class, caste, religion or region. It helps us to know the student’s performance and the challenges which he is facing during his educational course. It focuses on academic and co-curricular activities in an educational environment. Further, home environment has a huge influence on the development of adolescent. If a sense of security is infused, it will lead to his overall wellbeing. It is a system in which the behaviour and relationships of all the family members are dependent upon each other. A home environment which stimulates the adolescent from time to time helps him to be a better person. The sample of a present study consisted of 200 adolescents. Random sampling technique was adopted while collecting the sample. Home environment is independent variable and self-esteem and academic achievement are dependent variable. The Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient was used to analyse the data. Findings revealed that if the home environment of the adolescent is favourable than his self-esteem is better and he will be confident enough to solve the problems and to face the hardships and challenges of life in an easy go.

Background: Tobacco smoking is widely prevalent in developing countries and it has extensive effects on respiratory function and is a risk factor for a number of respiratory diseases. Early detection of lung function decline in smokers will be beneficial for promoting smoking cessation and reducing lung tissue damage.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural and urban areas of Ghaziabad. We assessed the lung function in 150 healthy male smokers and 150 healthy non-smokers through spirometry.
Results: The prevalence of smoking was higher in middle age group (38-49 years age group) as compared to older and younger ones. The spirometry parameters were significantly greater in non-smokers than smokers (p<0.001). Both smokers and non-smokers showed negative correlation between spirometry parameters and age (p<0.001). It was also observed that all spirometry parameters increased with increase in height in both the groups.
Conclusion: Smoking leads to accelerated decline in lung function.

Cefixime having lower bioavailability due to narrow therapeutic absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Further, the conventional dosage form has poor patient compliance due to frequent dosage regimen. Therefore, we planned to prepare mucoadhesive tablets of Cefixime by using varying ratio of the natural gum obtained from Okra and Hibiscus rosasinensis. The six different formulations F1 to F6 were prepared by direct compression method, and were subjected to thickness, friability, hardness, weight variation, drug content, surface pH, mucoadhesive strength, mucoadhesion force, swelling index and in- vitro dissolution studies. The mucoadhesive tablets formulated with a higher concentration of gum Okra and Hibiscus rosasinensis showed good mucoadhesion strength. The in- vitro drug release studies indicated a sustained release pattern of the Cefixime for 12 h of study and the drug release was directly proportional to gum concentration. Hence the findings suggest sustained release pattern of the Cefixime for 12 h of study, and improved systemic delivery of drugs by enhancing the absorption due to higher permeable with a rich blood supply to mucus layer.

Post-traumatic spine immobilization plays an important role in the prevention of spinal cord injury. The splints are used today by the emergency department to immobilize the spine include a backboard and a immobilizer vest. A backboard bed usually is used for those injured in the open environment and a immobilizer vest, commonly is used for those injured in enclosed spaces such as a car. This study aims to design and manufacture a new spine immobilizer vest (NSIV) with features such as being lightweight and low volume, disposable and hygienic, very low cost, recyclability and the ability to be fitted in all emergency centers for replacing the old immobilizer vest. The design and construction of the NSIV was done in two stages. In the first step, with the help of measures obtained from measuring different people, the design and fabrication of prototype lattice polypropylene sheets were successfully designed and manufactured, and after the test on it, the necessary corrections were done. In the second step, the dimensions of the prototype were completed and were designed computerized and accurate with the help of AutoCAD software and precise cut molding was also made that was used to produce new spinal immobilizer vest (NSIV).

Gonadotropin hormones that LH (Luteinizing hormone) is a member of them belong to the family of glycoprotein hormones. These hormones are hetero-dimer and consist of an alpha (α) chain that is the same as the general subunit in all of them and a specific beta (β) chain. The beta (β) subunit of these hormones also plays a major role in the biological activity of these hormones and is essential. Introns are non-coding gene sequences that are present among the genes coding sequences. Given the effect of introns on increasing gene expression in mammalian cells, the use of these sequences to increase the production of recombinant proteins has attracted the attention of researchers. One of these introns is the beta-globin gene intron, which consists of 2 introns, which its intron I is used more due to its short sequence.
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are used to produce recombinant proteins more than other hosts due to their high level of expression and better post-translation changes in the protein.
This research will be conducted in three stages after the initial studies:
Stage 1: Cloning the gene structure in the bacterial host and confirming its molecular structure.
Stage 2: Cloning the cut gene under the influence of beta-globin intron inside the CHO expression vector (further confirmation is required for recombination of the transformed cells).
Step 3: Examining the expression of human LH coding gene under the influence of intron-1 using Western Blotting and SDS-PAGE techniques and the effect of intron-1 beta-globin on the production of recombinant LH, performed by ELISA. This research will be conducted to clone and increase the expression of gene encoding human LH hormone under the influence of beta-globin gene intron in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and finally to increase the production of its recombinant form.

The breasts are the protrusions in the upper abdominal area of ​​the male and female primate‌ trunks. In women, the breasts act as mammary glands to produce and store milk for babies. Certain parts of the breast can become cancerous, like other tissues and organs. Breast cancer is very common. One of the parts of the breast where tumors may form is the lobules. These tumors are also called carcinomas. There are many breast cancer treatments, including surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy, each with its own side effects and disadvantages.
This study investigates the effect of breast cancer cell migration after NGO exposure and also examines the expression and modification of T1MP1 and CYP1B1 proteins. Initially, MDA cancer cells were prepared and cultured. These cells were then treated by the NGO and examined by APOP ICC, SCRATCH, DAPPY, SRB tests.
Studies have shown that in all of these tests, cell survival was reduced due to the NGO''s effect on cancer cells. Cell survival was increased only in the SRB test by increasing graphene concentration, which can be attributed to NGO light absorption.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the outbreak of the Quidd 19 epidemic.  Symptoms of the virus appear between two and fourteen days, which is the time of incubation. Symptoms: Headache - Chest pain is sometimes nausea and diarrhea in children.  Weak immune systems are at risk. The virus enters the body through the nose, mouth, ears, eyes, and blood. We can now use the enzyme lysozyme with alcohol, or with the acid that destroys the fat shell components.  Get the virus - RNA and proteins around the virus can be identified from the surface of the virus. By increasing the protein in this form, it can create short-term resistance in the body and also use antihistamines to reduce symptoms. One of the methods that can be used.  The use of spores or pollen or allergens for people with coronary artery disease and a sample of P0 cells showing their nose or sinusitis and taking its cells (using mast cells).

Treatment success is one of the main concerns of orthodontists. Treatment outcomes may be assessed using various indices like the PAR index. The present study was conducted to evaluate the treatment success rate and the related factors in the Department of Orthodontics of the Dentistry School of Islamic Azad University based on the PAR index from 2009 to 2014.
Method and Materials:
The present cross-sectional study was among 100 eligible patients. The pre- and post-treatment casts were assessed by evaluating the archives through contact point displacement, buccal occlusion (anterior, posterior, transverse and vertical planes), vertical anomalies (open bite and deep bite), transverse anomalies (cross bite), anterior-posterior anomalies (over jet) and midline anomalies. Their pre-treatment casts were presented, examined and recorded along with the patients’ time to the orthodontics department. The type of malocclusion, gender, and age were also rated based on the PAR index.
Results:
The present study was conducted on 200 pre-treatment and post-treatment study models obtained from 100 treated patients (32% males and 58% females). The participants had a mean age of 17.6±4.29 ranging from a minimum of 10.4 to a maximum of 33.6, among whom, 36% had extracted teeth and 54% did not. The mean duration of treatment was 2.3 years ± 0.6 months, with a minimum duration of 16 and a maximum of 48 months. 66% of the participants were suffering from CL I, 24% from CL II, and finally 10% from CL III malocclusion. The distribution of the patients’ success and failure showed an 85% complete success (more than 70%), 13% relative success (30% to 70%) and 2% failure (less than 30%).
Conclusion:
The mean difference and reduction in the weighted PAR score was calculated as 21.3; while the mean reduction was 89.98%, revealing significant progress in the orthodontic treatments. A total of 85% of the cases were completely successful (more than 70%), 13% were relatively successful (30% to 70%) and 2% were unsuccessful (less than 30%), suggesting a standard treatment with very high quality. No significant difference was observed between the treatment success rate and the variables including age, gender, duration of treatment, having or not having extracted teeth and type of malocclusion.

In the present research, amounting of the trace little amount of Cobalt (II) ions in aqueos Samples by using modified disks of octadecyl silica membrane by nano-Fe₃O₄-encapsulated-dioctyl phthalate and linked-diethylenetriamine (magnetic nano- Fe₃O₄ -DOP- DTA)which in order to improve the performance of extraction and preconcentration was used. Amounting of the ions density in solution was performed by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effective parameters on extraction such as: effect of pH, the amount and eluent solvent, time of extraction and effect of other cation were optimized. The preconcentration factor is 500 in the optimum analysis situations of whole parameters. Analysis parameters contain the limit of detection and the most capacity of Cobalt (II) ions sorption was achieved 7.0 μg/L and 468 ± 4 µg, respectively. Finally, the Co²⁺ ions were extracted in various aqueous solutions by this technique.

Adequate soft tissue coverage is a corner stone for successful hand reconstruction in traumatic patients allowing for hand mobilization and rehabilitation. In this case report, a modified application of reverse radial adipofascial forearm flap for the simultaneous reconstruction of the palm for traumatic defect is presented. The patient was a 42- year-old man with a history of right palmar avulsion trauma in a car accident. Initially, the patient underwent skin grafts twice, but the symptoms did not improve. Then a distally based reverse radial adipofascial forearm flap with a dimension 15*7cm was planned. The flap was transposed to the palmar defect. After the flap is inserted, the donor defect was closed primarily. After 5 days, the patient underwent a split thickness skin graft to cover the flap. After surgery, a satisfactory coverage is observed in the recipient area. Although, longer time will be needed for complete evaluation of hand function but in early post operative period hand function and pain improved with compared to pre operative time. The advantages of this proposed technique are better donor site morbidity, easy implementation, simultaneous coverage of complex defects, primary closure of donor site, avoidance of long-term immobilization and related complication such as shoulder and elbow stiffness, bad hygiene and avoidance of microsurgery and shorter surgery time.

Bronchiectasis is an abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi. Bronchiectasis may be a local, in which only the airways of a limited area of the lung parenchyma are involved. However, bronchiectasis may be diffused, in which the wider airways areas of the lung are affected. Given that no study has ever compared the effect of levofloxacin with routine therapies, this study was conducted to compare the prophylactic effect of short-term treatment with levofloxacin and azithromycin in patients hospitalized in Zahedan, Iran.
Materials and methods:
This was a clinical trial study. After entering the study, 90 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. In one group, levofloxacin patients received 5 days a month, and in the other group, azithromycin patients received a dose of 250 mg per day throughout the study. Patients were followed for one year, during which they were evaluated for the number of hospitalizations and the number of exacerbation cases. It was also explained to the patients that due to the use of blinding techniques, the type of administrated drug and the group in which they are placed will not be informed and if they are not satisfied, they will not enter the study. Initial patient information such as age and sex were recorded for each individual. At the end of the study, the data were entered into SPSS statistical software version 19 and examined based on descriptive statistics and independent t-test. The significance level was considered 0.05.
Findings:
According to the findings, the average number of exacerbations of bronchiectasis symptoms per year in azithromycin group was 4.42±2.00 and in levofloxacin group, was 2.44±1.34 and the average number of hospitalization cases per year in azithromycin group was 0.75±1.40 and in the levofloxacin group was 0.88±0.60 (p <0.001).
Conclusion:
The results of the present study showed a significant difference between the number of exacerbations and hospitalizations per year in levofloxacin and azithromycin groups, and the levofloxacin group indicates favorable results in this case. However, it is essential to conduct further studies on the effect of azithromycin and levofloxacin on the rate of exacerbation and hospitalization in patients with bronchiectasis.

Resistance to antibiotics among pathogen bacteria is a global concern nowadays. Considering that Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most important urinary infection and nosocomial infection pathogen, the present study aimed to evaluate the macrolide resistance of E. coli isolated from urinary infection and determine the phylogeny using the ERIC-PCR method. The sampling was performed from patients admitted to Sanandaj Hospitals during 2017. Upon culturing urine samples, the E. coli strains were identified by biochemical tests. Then, the antibiotic sensitivity of the strains was performed using the disk diffusion test. Determining the erythromycin MIC using E-test was performed for species resistant to erythromycin. The bacterial resistance genes were identified using PCR, and ultimately, the gene relationships of the strains were determined using ERIC-PCR. Ninety-nine E. coli strains were isolated from urine samples. The strain resistance to ceftriaxone, piperacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, carbenicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and amikacin was 51.51%, 84.84%, 84.84%, 30.30%, 75.75%, 41.41%, 84.4%, and 42.42%, respectively. Amon the selected 19 strains, which were resistant to azithromycin and erythromycin, 15 mphA-positive isolates (78.9%), ten mphB-positive isolates (52.63%), and ten isolates (52.63%) simultaneously had mphA and mphB. Also, according to ERIC-PCR, it was shown that the strains are genetically related, and the same genetic source was not observed between the strains. Considering the prevalence of macrolide-resistant E. coli infections, it suggested that these strains be identified in urinary infection patients. Moreover, treating these patients with macrolide is not recommended. Moreover, the same genetic source was not observed between the strains; therefore, the antibiotic resistance gene spreads in strains with different genetic sources. Thus, there is a need to prevent the overuse of antibiotics.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease due to a mutation in a gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator chloride channel. In this proposed method, by genetically manipulating the gene structure in the influenza virus and inserting this manipulated gene into the body, we force the cell to produce a healthy version of the CFTR gene. The influenza virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae and enters the body through SAA2,6Gal receptors in epithelial cells (1). If we genetically modify the related gene in the influenza virus and insert the CFTR gene, the influenza virus, which has been modified by gene therapy, can force the infected cell to express the healthy CFTR gene mRNA. Based on this method, it seems that the cause of this disease, which is the absence of CFTR proteins on the patient's cell surface, can be alleviated to some extent by inserting the healthy transcript of CFTR into the membrane phospholipids.

Inflammatory bowel disease is a common and lifelong debilitating gastrointestinal disease. Several cult-based studies and molecular methods have shown that Escherichia coli bacteria can play a role in IBD. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the relationship between IBD and bacterial leishmaniosis (ETEC) and their relationship with IBD and non-IBD.
Materials and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 81 paraffin blocks including 41 positive IBD samples and 40 control samples (healthy) were examined for ETEC bacteria. Samples were collected from Ghaem Hospital between 2016 and 2018. Initially, the blocks were cut to extract DNA and the DNA was extracted manually. Then, the design of the private premium probe for ETEC identification was done by the Real-Time PCR method. After confirming the primers, Taqman prob Real-time PCR was performed on IBD and control sample.
Results:
DNA extraction was performed and its quality was confirmed by NanoDrop device. Demographic results showed that the mean age of IBD and control patients was 51 and 46, respectively. The results from Real-Time PCR showed that 12 cases (30%) of IBD-positive individuals were positive for ETEC, while no positive cases were observed in control individuals (negative IBD). Statistical study shows that there is a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of ETEC bacteria.
Discussion:
Given the conditions of IBD and the results of this study, the presence of the toxin bacterium Escherichia coli is likely to exacerbate the conditions and symptoms of IBD by producing toxin virulence factors.

Objective:
Periodontitis may be a risk factor for preterm labor due to the presence of pro-inflammatory bacteria and cytokines in the bloodstream during infection, which can affect the farther organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral infections and preterm labor pain.
Methods:
This case-control study was performed on 100 pregnant women referred to the women and maternity ward of Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital. Patients divided into two groups of pre-term and term patients. Demographic characteristics and midwifery data such as preterm labor risk factors were recorded by approved questioner in both groups. At follow-up and within 48 hours postpartum, patients were examined by a knowledgeable dentist for oral infections. Modified Machtei's index was used to determine the presence of periodontitis in patients and finally data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 software and Significance level was considered less than 0.05 (p<0.05).
Results:
The mean age of the patients was 28.91±4.59 years (28.94 ± 4.87 vs 28.88±4.34 in case and control group respectively (p = 0.94).) None of the patients in the two groups had any history of smoking and no previous preterm pregnancy and bleeding was reported in any of the patients. Evaluation of patients in both groups showed that 39 cases had oral infections in the case group and 31 cases had oral infections in the control group, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.08).
Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that prevalence of periodontal diseases in preterm mothers was not statistically significant more than control group. Further studies are needed to determine exact relationship between oral infections and preterm labor.

Introduction:
Science production is not the only valuable index to reflect a country's growth and progress, nor can the citation alone represent the validity of a work. Hence, to assess the validity of the scientific articles produced, it is necessary to use other metrics and indicators such as in-text citation frequency and text citation potential.The present study aimed at determining the validity of the Iranian articles in the field of pharmacology based on their citation value in the Web of Science database using the in-text frequency and text citation potential.
Methods:
This survey was conducted based on the scientometrics and text citation analysis approach. The research population consisted of Iranian articles in the field of pharmacology published in the 2012 in Web of Science database. The sample consisted of 382 articles cited in the field of pharmacology. They were randomly retrieved and selected among 1698 Iranian articles.The data were analyzed using Excel and Endnote software and Statistics Package for Social Sciences. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Frequency and percentage were used to assess the text citation potential. The mean was used to determine the top Iranian authors and articles based on the text citation potential and in-text frequency. To analyze the collected data, the values ​​of each indicator were calculated and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between the rate of the citation to articles, the text citation potential and the text citation.
Results:
The reviewed articles received 1841 citations. The mean text citation potential was 1.09%, the mean in-text frequency was 1.31% and the mean self-citation in the articles was 0.46. The findings showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the citation frequency and the in-text frequency as well as between the text frequency and the text citation potential and self-citation, but there was no significant relationship between the citation frequency and the text citation potential. Based on the findings, most of the articles in the field of pharmacology had the lowest citation value.
Conclusions:
Due to different and unequal value of the citations, it is necessary to use qualitative evaluation methods obtained from the evaluated indicators in Iran’s research evaluation system to improve the accuracy in evaluation of the articles. Accordingly, the use of measures such as text citation frequency, text citation potential and the placement of citation is crucial for researchers' scientific evaluation.

The National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) announced the actual and estimated number of adults aged 50 and older in the United States with osteoporosis and low bone mass (previously known as osteopenia) in 2002, (US). The estimates were based on population-based data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)–III (1988–1994), which measured bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck. According to the study, approximately 10 million Americans aged 50 and up had osteoporosis, with another 33 million having low bone mass. (a) Only the femoral neck BMD was used in these calculations since it was the only skeletal site for which nationally representative data was available.According to the study, approximately 10 million Americans aged 50 and up had osteoporosis, with another 33 million having low bone mass.The total selected members for study were non-randomlydivided into 3 groups (Group A, Group B and Group C). Quasi-experimental design method used for making an experimental design. Study was conducted on each group separately. Each study period covers 3 months’ time and 15 to 20 days for data analyses and reporting. The detailed should is provided in the table below. After observation of results, it is clearly indicating that the ionized Calcium levels, total Calcium levels and bone density is improved significant levels after consuming recommended nutritional food for three months compared to before taking nutritional food. Thus, the provided nutrient food is a good source of Calcium and improves bone strength in the post-menopausal women. Further, this is recommended that, the consumption recommended nutritional package for all the age groups to reduce the chance to get osteoporosis and bone fracture.

Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two cavity disinfectants [Chlorhexidine Digluconate 2% and Octenidine Dihydrochloride 0.1%] on the micro-tensile bond strength at the resin-dentine interface and to observe modes of failures under Scanning Electron Microscope. (SEM)
Methods: 21 freshly extracted human permanent molars were sectioned with a double-sided diamond disc to expose mid-coronal dentine and were randomly divided into 3 groups: A, B and C. 7 flat dentine surface were then treated with 37% phosphoric acid gel for 15 seconds. All restored teeth then were thermocycled and longitudinally sectioned and were subjected to micro-tensile testing, and fractured specimens were observed under SEM.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between Group A (Control) and Group C (OCT) in microtensile bond strength. (p<0.05)  The difference was no statistically significant between Group A (Control) and Group B (CHX), Group B (CHX) and Group C (OCT).
Conclusion: The use of Octenidine Dihydrochloride 0.1% and Chlorhexidine Digluconate 2%  solutions after etching the dentine enhanced micro-tensile bond strength of composite restorations.
Keywords: Resin-dentine bond strength, MMPs, Cavity disinfectant, Micro-tensile testing
 

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of investment, people, and information.
The growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures and population, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services has given a kick hike to globalization. This increase in conceptual and empirical work has now shifted the focus on how firms go about globally, keeping along the development and maintaining the advantage of globalization. The global competitiveness is concerned with overall performance of the economies all over the globe.
It may have many inferences for human resource management practices in an organization. It helps to create job opportunities as the business expands. By providing better quality products and employment it improves the standard of living of the people. Strategic human resource aims for the proper management of human resources within the organization for the impactful attainment of the goals set.
Considering global competitiveness, strategic human resource management pivots in the pursuit of objectives that would make the organization stand distinct from its competitors. A competitive advantage is not a short term process but is gained through the long term allocation of the resources of the company and matching these resources with the capabilities of the human resource within the organization. Thus, the organizations, whether expanding or already expanded, should identify their needs and make sure that they align with the organization’s objective to eye the pinnacle in the global competitiveness.
In this paper the researchers tried to focus on the impact and relevancy of Strategic Human Resource Management practices with global competitiveness.
Keywords: Globalization, Strategic Human Resource management, Global Competitiveness.

In this work, the options for the topographic structure of the extrahepatic bile ducts were studied, compared with the portal vein and the own hepatic artery, different options for the location of the extrahepatic bile duct of a morphological nature. Consequently, a comparative study of the structural features of the extrahepatic bile ducts in mammals with and without a gallbladder and structural rearrangements of the extrahepatic bile ducts after cholecystectomy is an urgent scientific problem in theoretical and practical medicine.

The patients with Parkinson’s disease have been studied for motor disorders in early, mid, and advanced stages. We have used The Hoehn and Yahr scale and UPDRS (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale) for that. Orthostatic test was used for orthostatic hypotension. As a result, it has been detected that as the disease progresses, motor disorder of the limbs progresses as well. However, orthostatic hypotension was recorded much more often in patients with advanced and late stages of the disease

Introduction: Thyroid dysfunction may have profound effect on the female reproductive system. Hypothyroidism results in change in cycle length and amount of bleeding leading to oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, polymenorrhea, and menorrhagia Objective: This study was conducted to see menstrual patterns in hypothyroid females of reproductive age group in Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir. Study Design: Prospective cohort study Material and Methods: 50 patients who presented to OPD with complaints of abnormal uterine bleeding in Dept of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, SKIMS, Kashmir were recruited. Statistical Analyses: Data presented as percentages for qualitative variables. For continuous variable, student ‘t-test’ was applied and to see for association among the variables , chi-square test was used. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: In our study among hypothyroid reproductive women, most common pattern of AUB was menorrhagia that was around 58% (29/50) followed by polymenorrhea 22 % (11/50). Hypomenorhea, oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea were present in 8%, 6 % and 6 % respectively. Conclusion: In hypothyroid females presenting with AUB, menorrhagia is the most common abnormal pattern of bleeding followed by polymenorrhea. Hypomennorhea, oligomennorhea and amenorrhea were less common.

Backgrounds: Performance improvement is considered as one of the most important organizational success measures. One of the most suitable applications in this area is the use of a quality management system (QMS) that influences various dimensions and pillars of the system. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of QMS on performance of social security polyclinic in Kangan County.

Background:
Anxiety is the most prevalence psychological disorder and it was regarded as an adaptive response versus stimulations. This study sought to determine in reducing anxiety symptoms on female in Kermanshah city. The present study is based on a PhD thesis from the first author.
Materials and methods:
This research used a quasi-experimental methods of pretest-posttest follow-up with a control group. The sample consisted 24 women with anxiety disorders in counseling center in Kermanshah selected by available sampling and randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups. The experimental group received neurofeedback training for 30 sessions and 30 minutes for per session. While the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the project. The data were collected by Beck anxiety questionnaire and e-view neurofeedback system. The data were analyzed using analysis co-variance (ANCOVA).
Results:
The results indicated that there were significant differences between the anxiety scores subject  of the experimental and control and follow-up group.
Conclusion:
Neurofeedback training provides useful applied practices in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Objectives:
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) show physical and biological properties that can be used as the preservation of pulp vitality and regenerative techniques. The bond strength between MTA and restorative materials has great importance since MTA is often in direct contact with restorative materials. This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) of bulk-fill composite resins to MTA.
Materials and Methods:
45 acrylic blocks with central holes (5 and 2 mm in diameter and height, respectively) were prepared and divided into three groups of 15 according to the composites used (Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin, Filtek bulk-fill composite resin, Estelite bulk-fill flowable composite resin). The acrylic cavities were filled with ProRoot MTA. After the application of bonding material and proper composite resin samples, the SBS was assessed using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed through ANOVA. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result:
Bond strength was significantly higher in samples of Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the two other groups in this regard (P=0.99).
Conclusion:
ProRoot MTA and Tetric N-Ceram bulk-fill composite resin showed statistically higher bond strengths, compared to other bulk-fill composite resins.

Background and purpose:
 
Depression and anxiety are of the common psychiatric disorders among the children and their diagnosis and evaluation in children is necessary. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of RCADS among a sample of 10-18 years old children in Golestan.
 
Materials and methods:
 
This survey study had a descriptive purpose with the sample consisting of 399 children aged 10-18 in Golestan selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method who were evaluated using RCADS, Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Youth Self-Report (YSR). Finally, data was analyzed using descriptive statistic, Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and exploratory factor analysis (EFA).
 
Results:
 
The RCADS demonstrated adequate reliability as well as convergent and discriminant validity. The results of EFA showed a six-factor structure that explained 55.30% of the scale variance and was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).The correlation between the RCADS total score and YSR-internalizing subscale and significantly, but at a lower level, with the YSR-externalizing subscale (p<0.01). also, results indicated a significant positive correlation between the total and subscale score RCADS with CDI and YSR- anxiety/depression subscales (p<0.01).
 
Conclusion:
The results showed that this questionnaire has appropriate psychometric characteristics among Iranian children and can be used as a suitable diagnostic tool for use in educational, clinical and research environments.

Background:
As a world crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected educational status. Nursing students tolerate more stress compared to other students due to the nature of their major. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate general health and its related factors in final year nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. 
Methods:
The current study was a descriptive- cross-sectional study. Samples included all final year nursing students of Shiraz nursing faculty (106 individuals) that were invited to participate in the study using the census sampling method. Demographic information questionnaires, as well as Goldberg`s General Health questionnaire, were utilized to collect the data. The data were analyzed using SPSS, version 22, software.
Results:
The results of the study indicated that nursing students were not in the complete health level regarding the general health index (44.07 12.3). Moreover, factors such as underlying disease history, and history of Coronavirus infection, as well as the history of virus infection in one of the family members had a significant relationship with general health score (p<0.05).
Conclusion:
The results of the study showed that nursing students were exposed to injuries regarding the general health index; this issue was mostly true for students having underlying diseases and those who were infected with COVID-19. Therefore, considering the general health dimensions of the nursing students seemed necessary.

Substation Expansion Planning (SEP) aims to estimate the expansion capacities of the existing and new substations (SS) along with their locations and time of construction. This study dints to solve real-world SEP problem for the power sector of Tamil Nadu, a state in India. Cost minimization has been considered as the main objective along with the constraints. Several discrete and continuous design variables make the SEP problem as complex. Hence the application of optimization technique is required to solve the problem. In this study, Firefly Algorithm (FA) has been implemented to solve SEP problem of Tamil Nadu. The simulation results imply that FA provides the optimal results with better convergence rate.

The objective of this research was to identify the family economic level in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Abancay - 2020, with a quantitative approach, descriptive scope and non-experimental cross-sectional design, probabilistic sampling, consisting of 383 inhabitants between men and women aged 18 years or more who reside in the province of Abancay, the survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire was validated by judges criteria and by means of Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, observing a coefficient of 0.975 from the Kuder Richardson table with very reliable result. that 45.4% families are in a low economic level; 57.7% families that have a low level of family income; 39.4% of families have the low level in covering their basic needs of the family economy and 65% of families are located in the low level in family economic planning, reaching the following conclusions; that the family economic level is low in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Abancay - 2020; It was determined the level of family economic income is low in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Abancay - 2020; the level of basic needs of the family economy is low in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Abancay - 2020; The level of family economic planning is low in times of the COVID-19 pandemic in the province of Abancay - 2020.
Keywords: Level, family economy, COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency are prevalent in almost half the
healthy population of developed countries. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of
Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) is not fully understood.Hence; the present study was
conducted with the aim of assessing the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among chronic
liver diseases patients and its correlation with severity of liver diseases.Materials &
methods: A total of 50 patients with presence of chronic liver diseases were included.
Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients were obtained. A Performa
was made and spectrum of clinical profile of all the patients was recorded. Blood samples
were obtained and serum vitamin D levels were obtained using auto-analyzer. Grading of
the patients was done using Child-Pugh Score grading. All the results were recorded and
analyzed by SPSS software.Results: Vitamin D deficiency was seen in 84 percent of the
patients. Vitamin D levels among patients with Grade A, Grade B and Grade C of Child-
Pugh score grade was found to be 32.36 ng/mL, 22.12 ng/mL and 16.48 ng/mL
respectively. Significant results were obtained while correlating Vitamin D levels with
Child-Pugh grade.Conclusion: Patients with chronic liver diseases have significantly
altered Vitamin D metabolism. Hence; Vitamin D deficiency directly correlates with
severity of disease.

The study investigated the role played by the child support grant in alleviating poverty. The research approach used in this study was qualitative with a phenomenological research design. Purposive sampling was used to select six unemployed single women who relied only on a grant to make their living. Data was collected through individual interviews and analyzed in a form of a thematic approach. The study found that child support grants played a very important role in providing basic needs for many families. Some families were found to rely solely on the grant to make living. The study concluded that a child support grant does not completely remove poverty. The study recommends that government should do a needs analysis of each family to meet the basic needs of each family. Furthermore, the study recommends that families that only depend on the grant should be given more to meet their basic needs.

Aim: The aim of this study comparison of outcomes after cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Methods: A prospective study was done to comparison outcome of cataract surgery in 120 diabetics as compared to 120 nondiabetics Within 15 days of Cataract surgery, all the patients underwent fasting blood glucose analysis. Recording of the complete intra-surgical and post- surgical complications along with visual acuity was done at 15 days, three month and six months’ time in all the subjects.
Results: In diabetic group 53(44.17%) were females and 67(55.83%) were males. Among the non-diabetics, 70 (58.33%) were males & 50(41.67%) were females. At 15 days time, the occurrence of Post- surgical visual acuity in diabetic group and non-diabetic group was found to be 0.19 and 0.27 respectively. At three month’s time, the occurrence of Post- surgical visual acuity in the diabetic group and the non-diabetic group was found to be 0.27 and 0.38 respectively (table 2). Glycemic control was assessed using fasting blood sugar levels at the time of admission. Of the 120 patients in the diabetic group, 45(37.5%) had high blood glucose level (FBS: >100mg/dl). Their blood sugar was controlled and they were operated. 75(62.5%) patients had normal blood sugar levels at the time of examination (70-100mg/dl). Non- significant results were obtained while comparing the mean. Post- surgical visual acuity in between the two study groups at different time intervals (p value > 0.05). Striate keratopathy Was most commonly encountered post- surgical complication in the diabetic group n=17 (14.17%) and the non-diabetic  group n=11(9.17%).and followed by  Posterior capsular opacity n=15(12.5%) and n=9(7.5%) and Posterior capsular rent 11.67% and 6.67% in diabetic and non-diabetic, Pigment dispersion 10.83% and 7.5% per in diabetic and non-diabetic patatients respectively
Conclusion: Small incision cataract surgery in diabetics without diabetic retinopathy yields similar visual outcomes as non-diabetics. There is a higher incidence of post-operative complications among diabetics, which can be managed conservatively.

World wide it is estimated that 40.3million patients are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and 90% of these are in developing countries. About 70% of patients with HIV infection experience a pulmonary complication during life, and additional pulmonary pathology is often unexpected finding at autopsy. The clinical and radiographic presentation of lung disease associated with HIV infection is non-specific.  Chest radiography has limited sensitivity for the detection of early infection in immunocompromised patients. The absence of radiographic findings however does not rule out pulmonary disease. Tuberculosis (TB) being the main opportunistic pulmonary infection contributing to mortality among HIV infected individuals, it is important to diagnose and treat it early. The present study is undertaken to establish the role of CT scan, particularly thin section CT (HRCT), in the early diagnosis of pulmonary disease in symptomatic HIV seroreactive patients with normal chest radiograph. 56 HIV seropositive patients who had pulmonary complaints with normal chest radiograph were selected. A HRCT scan of the chest was performed, HRCT findings were correlated with clinical features and other investigations. 19 (36.53%) out of 52 patients with normal chest radiograph had abnormal HRCT chest findings. HRCT of the chest should be done and must be included in the diagnostic algorithm for detecting early lesions in HIV seropositive patients with pulmonary symptoms with normal chest X- ray.

The present study was taken up to determine to assess, compare and to find out the relationship the widowers/widows and normal control males/females. The sample of 30, 30 widowers/widows and 30, 30 normal males/ females. Therefore   the total numbers of participants are 120. ADS scale and PGI general well-being   Questionnaire. ADS scale has been used to access the anxiety and stress. The data was analyzed using Mean, S.D., t-test. The result indicates that widower/widows scores higher than normal control males/females.

Introduction: Carbapenem  resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is a challenging problem for clinicians. MHT is the CDC recommended screening test with a sensitivity & specificity of >90% . Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE).
 
Aim & Objectives:  The aim of the present study to detect carbapenem resistant or carbapenemase production in Enterobacteraceae using MHT.
 
Materials and Methods: Study period was between Feb-April 2014. 100 urine & pus/wound swab samples were  included in the study. Isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were identified to   genus/species level. MBL detection was done for 85 samples as per CLSI  guidelines. 25 were MBL producers. MHT was done for these 25 isolates. 0.5McFarland dilution of E.coli ATCC 25922 in 5ml broth or saline was prepared. Lawn culture of E.coli ATCC 25922 done. Imipenem 10µgm disc was placed in the center. Test organism was streaked from the edge of plate to the edge of the disc & incubated overnight.
 
Results:  In the present study, Isolates included E.coli -54  (64%), Klebsiella spp..- 17 (20%) & Proteus spp..- 14 (16%). Positive MHT had a Clover leaf type indentation at the  intersection of the test  organism and E.coli25922 within the sensitive zone.  Of these 4 (7%) Pseudomonas, 1(6%)  Klebsiella spp. & 1(7%) E.coli spp..  were found to be  Carbapenemase  producers.
 
Conclusion: Although MHT is routinely used, advanced molecular methods is to be done for confirmation which we intend to do in the future. Enterobacteriaceae members are among the most common and easily transferable bacterial species responsible for severe HAI. This study revealed a high percentage of Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates producing carbapenemases in India. Detection of such bacteria, formulating hospital antibiogram, and monitoring the usage of antimicrobial drugs is recommended.

Genetic factors play a significant role in the etiology of intellectual disability (ID). The goal of this study was to identify microscopically visible chromosomal abnormalities in an Indian ID population and to determine their frequency, pattern, and clinical features. A total of 527 intellectually disabled individuals from special schools and institutions in 2 different State on U.P. and Bihar Population were screened for cytogenetic abnormalities. Additional analyses were carried out for verification or further characterization by using fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, or analysis of the FMR1 promoter CGG(n) repeat. Of the 527 individuals with ID, chromosomal abnormalities were found in 87 (16.5%). Trisomy 21 was the major chromosomal abnormality, identified in 74 patients (14%). Other chromosome abnormalities included 8 X-chromosomal and 5 autosomal aberrations. Details on chromosome aberrations and confirmation analyses are discussed. This study shows that chromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of ID in India. Cytogenetic analysis is important for an adequate diagnosis in patients and subsequent genetic counselling for their families, especially in developing countries with limited facilities, such as India.

A series of 2-substituted benzothiazole derivatives (3a-3j) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic route. Synthesized derivatives were confirmed by IR, ¹HNMR and Mass spectrometry. All derivatives were screened for antidiabetic activity using alloxan induced method. Estimation of glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were carried out. It was found that Compounds 3d exhibited significant antidiabetic activity. 3f, 3b and 3a possess a moderate antidiabetic activity.
 
KEYWORDS: Antidiabetic, Benzothiazole, Chloroacetanilide, Cholesterol, Glucose, Oral Hypoglycaemic, Triglyceride.

From the total patients of 240 severe disease present in 106 cases 78% of cases were having malaria for the first time. Fever present in 100% of patients, headache in 46%, jaundice present in 39%, nausea/vomiting in37.5%, pain in abdomen in 14.5%, oliguria present in 18.5% patients,4.5% patients were had petechiae/bleeding. 19.5 % patients were had parasitaemia between 25000-150000. Thrombocytopenia was most common haematological complication present almost in 75% patients which were normalised after treatment. TLC was low (<4000/cm²) in 45 cases which was increased to normal after treatment. Severe anaemia (Hb<7%) present in 38 patients out of which 24 patients was female. 63 patients were had serum creatinine ≥3mg/dl (30 male and 33 females), High bilirubin (>3mg/dl) was present in 74 patients out of which 24 were females and 50 males. The bilirubin level >10mg/dl was present in 8 patient out which 3 were male and 5 female.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate on the prevalence of dermatological lesions in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Methods: This cross sectional study was done the Department of Ophthalmology, M.G.M. Medical College & Hospital, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India for 15 months. 100 patients with diabetic retinopathy having diabetes mellitus of at least 5 years duration, aged between 33-63 years, were included in this study. The dermatological examination was done by a dermatologist under proper day light and if needed, using hand held magnifying lens. Examination of the retina was done by an Ophthalmologist using indirect ophthalmoscopy of dilated fundus, fundus photo, fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography of the macula.
Results: Of the 100 diabetic patients included in this study, 8(8%) had Very Mild Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR), 30 (30%) had Mild NPDR, 33 (33%) had Moderate NPDR, 10 (10%) had Severe NPDR, 11(11%) had Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and 38 (38%) had Clinically Significant Macular Edema (CSME). Out of 79 patients, the most prevalent dermatological lesions noted. 39(39%) patients had diabetic dermopathy, 29 (29%) had Xerosis, 25 (25%) had IGH, 21 (21%) patients had Icthyosis, 5(5%) patients had Intertrigo, 4 (4%) patients had Tinea Versicolor, 3 (3%) patients had Chronic Paronychia and 3 (3%) patients had Tinea Unguium. 2 (2%) patients had Eczema, 2 (2%) had Melasma, 2(2%) had Lichen Amyloidosis, 2 (2%) had Varicose vein, 1 (1%) had Fissure feet, 1(1%) had Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis (PPD), 1 (1%) had Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra (DPN), 1 (1%) had Sclerodactyly, 1 (1%) had Plain warts, 1(1%) had Macular Amyloidosis, 1 (1%) had Cherry Aneurysm, 1 (1%) had Xanthelasma Palpebrarum, 1 (1%) had Photodermatitis, 1 (1%) had Skin tags, 1 (1%) had Onychomycosis, 1 (1%) had Onychogryphosis and 1 (1%) had Prurigo.
Conclusion: Prevalence of Dermatological lesions in Diabetic Retinopathy patients was 79%, the most common being Diabetic Dermopathy (shin spots) which was 39%.

This study investigated the effectiveness of Therapeutic Horseback Riding on Autism Symptoms. Twenty children ranging from 8 to 15 years of age with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) participated in this study. For 12 weeks, all participants received therapeutic riding session once weekly. The Gilliam Autism Rating Scale test was conducted pre- and post-intervention to establish overall change in ASD severity. According to the results of the present study, it can be inferred that the intervention significantly reduces the symptoms of autism (stereotypical behaviour) in the experimental group. The results provide evidence that therapeutic horseback riding may be an effective treatment for children with ASD.

This study investigated the influence of work stress and occupational productivity among
academic staff of universities in Cross River and AkwaIbom States, Nigeria. To achieve the
purpose of this study, two research questions were raised to guide the study. Related literature
was reviewed. Expost facto research design was adopted for the study. The stratified random
sampling technique was employed and a sample size of 639 academic staff was used for the
study. Work Stress and Occupational Productivity of Academic Staff Questionnaire
(WSOPASQ) was used for data collection. Data collected were analyzed using one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the two null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The
findings revealed that role ambiguity has a significant influence on teaching but not
significant in terms of research and community service. Working environment has a
significant influence on teaching and research but not significant in terms of community
service. The study recommended among others that university management should provide
adequate facilities such as staff offices, lecture halls, equipment, materials, this is to ensure
that academic staff has the tools and technology to work to their full potentials. Academic staff
should undergo proper orientation and monitoring in order to have adequate information
about the demands and job roles.

Introduction: The incidence of maxillofacial fractures varies worldwide. The
information on epidemiological characteristics in association with the etiology and
incidence of injuries help in prevention and appropriate treatment of such injuries.
Purpose: Thus, the aim of this retrospective study was to describe the prevalence,
incidence, pattern, etiology, management of trauma cases at Shyam Shah Medical
College (S. S. M. C), in a span of 8 years.
Patients & Methods: The data collected included age, sex, date and month (seasonal
variations), etiology, site of fracture, associated injuries, treatment modalities used for
the management of maxillofacial trauma patients reporting in the Department of
Dentistry and emergency casualty department of S. S. M. C., Rewa from February 2013
till January 2021.
Results: A total of 892 cases depicted fractures of the facial skeleton. The mean age was
36 years. Though patients ranging from 4-75 years reported for treatment. Males
outnumbered females with a male: female ratio of 8:1. Injuries commonly occurred in
the 21-30 years age group. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common
etiological factor in 631 patients followed by inter personal violence (IPV) in 147
patients. Mandibular fracture was the most frequently encountered fracture. The
seasonal variation showed the peak incidence of cases in the months of January and
December with 23.4 % of total patients. 15.13 % of the cases were managed
conservatively, 7.29% patients with debridement and soft tissue repair, while closed
reduction was used in 60.54 % of patients and 17.04 % were treated with surgical open
reduction and internal fixation. There was no serious complication in any of our patient
in the average follow up span of 6 months.
Conclusion: This study verified a young male predominance involved in maxillofacial
trauma. RTAs contributed as the major etiological factor. Thus, similar long-span multi
centric epidemiologic studies may help government and authorities to plan periodic
review of driving skills & strict implementation of traffic rules policies.

Electronic restorative imaging and examination techniques utilizing different modalities have encouraged early determination. The development of the computer-aided retrivel systems in recent years turned them into a nondestructive and popular method for diagnosis the disease  in medical images. In this work, adaptive Gabor wavelet filter bank and Texton based a  feature descriptor is developed for medical image retrieval. The design of   the proposed descriptor basis provides flexibility in order to extract the dominant directional features from medical images.. Also, we present a novel end-to-end integrated deep learning model using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long Short-Term Memory cell (LSTM). The proposed integrate deep learning descriptor is compared to other descriptor such as CCM, CHD, MTH and MSD using the datasets such as New Caltech , Corel-1000,Oliva and Corel-10,000.

Electronic restorative imaging and examination techniques utilizing different modalities have
encouraged early determination. The development of the computer-aided retrivel systems in
recent years turned them into a nondestructive and popular method for diagnosis the disease
in medical images. In this work, adaptive Gabor wavelet filter bank and Texton based a
feature descriptor is developed for medical image retrieval. The design of the proposed
descriptor basis provides flexibility in order to extract the dominant directional features from
medical images.. Also, we present a novel end-to-end integrated deep learning model using
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long Short-Term Memory cell (LSTM). The
proposed integrate deep learning descriptor is compared to other descriptor such as CCM,
CHD, MTH and MSD using the datasets such as New Caltech , Corel-1000,Oliva and Corel-
10,000.

This study involves the impact of online education during the lockdown period. There are some
primary factors which should be noticed about the students all over the country, as this lockdown
should not be a barrier to them in learning further. This lockdown has made the working
professionals also to learn new technologies and helped them to learn with the flow. Education is
a treasure which can be shared to any number of people. This is not going to be decomposed in
any situation. E- Learning in this scenario had paved a way for the students to learn things from
remote places. Thus this study focuses on the enhancement of the education, Self-learning,
Learning with the flow, etc.

Execution evaluation frameworks are dependably of basic worry of any
association/organization while dealing with its HR. Albeit, advanced education organizations
relies on both instructing and non-showing staff working in it, yet real obligation happens
upon instructors who are the wellspring of understudy's information, learning and
improvement. Accordingly, this need of educators' execution administration constrains these
foundations to have efficient execution examination frameworks, with a specific end goal to
direct, assess and improve instructor's execution. The reason for this study is to investigate
different parts of execution evaluation (PA) frameworks utilized for educators as a part of
higher instructive organizations (HEIs) and to address the subject of how examination can
assume its part in enhancing execution of instructors in advanced education. A mix of
subjective and quantitative exploration approach has been embraced which comprise of a
survey keeping in mind the end goal to get essential information for examining distinctive
parts of current execution evaluation framework and inside and out meetings with a specific
end goal to ponder exhaustive impression of educators in regards to execution examination
approaches in their foundation. Discoveries have demonstrated that out of date assessment
framework, rejection of understudies' input, untrained evaluators and diminished inspiration
for the procedure are the potential upsetting elements for execution examination frameworks

Innovativeness is a sine qua non for authoritative survival.Associations, for example, colleges
have an unsaid assention of the requirement for innovativeness in scholastic situations. Be that as
it may, the execution of inventiveness is impeded by neither formal support and arrangements
nor realization of its advantages and motivations. The reason for this study is to consider the
degree of the conceivable builds of cultivating imagination in a scholarly office. It is
recommended that inspiration, inventive considering, imagination objectives and group setting,
transformational authority, and institutional backing are basic parts to encourage imagination in
the scholarly world. Further ramifications and examination are talked about.

the demand for nursing homes has grown as a result of the ageing of the population. "Multi-shift, high time-varying demand, hierarchical and collaborative" characterizes nursing practice. The number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly depending on the time of day; hierarchical means that different levels of nurses' abilities exist; collaborative means that different levels of employees collaborate to serve the elderly. Because of the high time-varying demand, the number of nurses needed in a 24-hour period will vary greatly. SDP and hierarchical staffing issues are the focus of our research, which includes the design of each shift's time frame to accommodate demand times and how to deploy hierarchical employees to the shifts. The two-stage technique will be used to tackle the issue. In the first step, we construct the shift schedule and calculate the number of employees required for each shift based on the characteristics of high timevarying demand. According to the restrictions of hierarchical coordination and collaboration, we calculate the number of employees required for each shift at each level in the second step. Different demand variations are studied and useful conclusions are made from the sensitivity analysis. Our findings may help nursing facilities cope with increased demands and personnel shortages by providing efficient decision-making tools and methodologies

Due to the increased resistance rate of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa among
gram-negative bacteria, the risk factors of drug-resistant negative bacilli in patients should be
evaluated in the development of initial anti-infective treatment regimen in clinical practice. In
this study, multidrug-resistant bacteria accounted from the strains obtained by wound
cultures, which may be related to the patients with serious illness admitted to our hospital as a
tertiary care hospital and the more complex history of antibacterial drug use. This study puts
in a sincere effort to find the risk of diabetic foot ulcer with multidrug-resistant organism
infection.

Background: There is still controversy about the choice of treatment of displaced fractures of the neck of femur which leads the best clinical and functional outcomes. Treatment options include internal fixation, unipolar or bipolar hemiarthroplasty, or total hip replacement.
Aim: The aim of this study is to find out which treatment option can lead to the best clinical and functional outcomes.
Material and Methods: Fifty one consecutive patients study conducted from (Jan 2020 to Oct 2020)  at Department of Orthopaedics, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Prayagraj. ,were selected. Preoperative and operative data was retrieved from inpatient hospital files.
Results: Postoperatively, Thirty three patients (89.2%) either returned to the functional level that they had had before the fracture or used only a cane, which they had not needed before.
Conclusion: In our study, the bipolar hemiarthroplasty has served us well. Two-year results of total hip replacement appeared to be better than those of bipolar hemiarthroplasty, but this finding was based on relatively small numbers of patients.

Background: Self-medication for primary dysmenorrhea is common with an incidence of 38–80% due to easy accessibility to over-the-counter drugs. The present study was conducted to assess pattern of self- medication in primary dysmenorrhea in medical and nursing students.
Materials & Methods: 350 medical and nursing under-graduate students were enrolled. Parameters such as regularity of menstrual cycle, duration of menstrual discomfort, symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea, severity of pain assessment, self-medication used to relieve pain and awareness of self-medication was recorded.
Results: Out of 350 subjects, 190 were medical and 160 were nursing students. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Among 190 medical students, 120 and among 160 nursing students, 75 showed self- medication. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Medication used by medical and nursing students was mefenamic acid in 45% and 25%, paracetamol in 12% and 30%, ibuprofen in 13% and 5%, mefenamic acid+ dicyclomine in 12% and 13%, diclofenac in 8% and 12% and others in 10% and 15% respectively. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Pain length was 1-2 days seen in 40%, 2-3 days in 35% and entire period in 25%. Pain intensity was mild in 12%, moderate in 52% and severe in 36%. Menstrual symptoms was seen in 67%. Frequency of dysmenorrhea occurrence was more frequently (every month) in 55% and less frequently (once in 3 month) in 45%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: There was high prevalence of self- medication among medical and nursing students. Commonly used drug were mefenamic acid and paracetamol.

The validated protein precipitation method was applied for estimation of Abemaciclib in human plasma with Abemaciclib-D10 as an internal standard (ISTD) by using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The chromatographic separation was achieved with Methanol: Acetonitrile (pH: 6.5 Adjusted with diluted ammonia solution) (20:80%, v/v) using the Discovery^® C18 HPLC Column, 2 cm × 2.1 mm, 5 μm. The total analysis time was 3.0 min and flow rate was set to 0.7 ml/min. The mass transitions of Abemaciclib and Abemaciclib-D10 obtained were m/z 507.32 ®393.16 and 517.66®393.16. The standard curve shows correlation coefficient (r2) greater than 0.9983 with a range of 6.00-768.00 pg/ml using  the linear regression model. 

The aim of this study was to evaluate the management and outcomes of patients with synovial sarcoma in the extremities.
Material and Methods: 46 patients were included in this retrospective longitudinal study conducted at a tertiary cancer center between 2010 and 2017. There were 29 males with a median age of 21 (7-70) years and 17 females with a median age of 35 (13-50) years. On immune-histochemical staining CD-99 and vimentin stained positive in 100%, and BCL2 Positive in 94 %.
Results: Limb salvage with wide excision was performed in 28 (61%) and amputation was needed in 18(39 %).12 (26%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with ifosfamide and Adriamycin-based chemotherapy.  Older Age (>25 years) was associated with lower 5-yeardisease-free survival (p=0.04). The high-grade tumor was associated with lower 5-year disease-free survival (p=0.008). The 5-year disease-free survival in tumor size ≤ 10 cm compared to tumor size >10 cm had no significant difference. The median disease-free survival in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy group as compared to no neoadjuvant chemotherapy was (28.5 vs 21 months) (p>0.05). The adjuvant treatment group and non-adjuvant treatment group had median disease-free survival of 29 months and 11.5 months respectively.
Conclusion: The age of the patient, stage of the tumor, tumor differentiation, and metastatic disease at presentation are risk factors for poor survival for patients with synovial sarcoma. The patients treated with adjuvant radiotherapy or adjuvant chemoradiation had beneficial outcomes as compared to patients who received no adjuvant treatment